Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 不同矿化度盐水灌溉对黑果枸杞生长发育影响机理研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The Mechanism Study Effects of Different Salty Water Irrigation on the Lycium ruthenicum Growth and Development |
| 罗君 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 王艳芬 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 中国西北干旱区不合理使用咸水加剧了土壤盐碱化，急需探寻合理利用咸水的灌溉方式。本文根据研究区地下水特征，选择4种不同矿化度的灌溉水（电导率（Ec）为：1701 ± 100 μs·cm-1、4510 ± 100 μs·cm-1、6890 ± 100 μs·cm-1和9011 ± 100 μs·cm-1），通过黑果枸杞室内萌发试验和田间试验，研究了不同矿化度盐水灌溉对黑果枸杞定植、生长和果实品质的影响，以及分析不同矿化度盐水灌溉对土壤环境的影响，试验结果表明：（1）室内萌发和田间萌发试验的黑果枸杞种子累计萌发数和萌发率（GP）分别与培养液和土壤表层（0-10 cm）Ec呈显著负相关，而黑果枸杞幼苗生长发育对盐胁迫较敏感，其形态和生理指标均显示出抑制特征，幼苗通过增加根芽比以适应灌溉水矿化度的增加。田间种植时，在种子萌发和幼苗生长阶段，应注意降低幼苗根区表层（0-10 cm）土壤盐分含量，而4种处理下黑果枸杞种子室内萌发率均显著高于田间萌发率，人工种植培育黑果枸杞时，应先室内育苗。（2）试验地土壤pH值的时间和空间动态变化不显著，土壤Ec则具有明显的时间和空间动态变化，且灌溉水矿化度的增加对土壤Ec影响显著，其影响程度随土壤深度的增加而减少。土壤Ec垂直空间的动态变化主要体现于各种离子含量的动态变化， Na+、K+、Cl-和SO42-易被灌溉水淋洗是导致土壤表层（0-10 cm）Ec显著降低的最主要原因。（3）试验地0-60 cm深土壤Eca（年平均Ec）在淡水处理（T1）和微咸水（T2）灌溉下无显著差异，而T2处理下0-60 cm深土壤Ec年变化率（16.13%）显著低于其他灌溉处理。盐生植物在土壤盐度变化较小的环境能更好的生长，且T2灌溉处理合理利用淡水和咸水资源，所以T2矿化度水灌溉是适合民勤地区人工种植黑果枸杞的灌溉模式。（4）黑果枸杞生物量、叶面积、比叶面积以及主根和茎的直径、鲜重、干重以及含水量均与0-60 cm深土壤Eca均呈显著的负相关，根受到的抑制最为显著，其次是茎，再次是叶。（5）黑果枸杞通过自身不同的生理调节以回应逐渐增加的土壤Ec，而Pn、Tr和Cond的减小以及Ci的增加均能抑制黑果枸杞植株的生长。当灌溉水Ec小于（大于）T3处理时，黑果枸杞Yield和Fv/Fm与EcC呈显著正（负）相关，T1、T2和T3灌溉处理下，黑果枸杞吸收的光能大部分被用于植株的光合作用和热能耗散，而T4灌溉处理下，黑果枸杞吸收的光能多被用于黑果枸杞的叶绿素荧光而消耗掉。黑果枸杞Lcp（光补偿点）与EcL（光响应曲线测量月份0-60 cm深土壤Ec）呈显著正相关，灌溉水Ec小于（大于）T3处理时，Lsp（光饱和点）与EcL呈正（负）相关，而黑果枸杞Pmax（最大光合效率）与Lcp和Lsp呈极显著正相关，且α（表观量子效率）与Pmax变化趋势相同，因此T1、T2和T3灌溉处理下，黑果枸杞只能利用较小范围的光合有效辐射，但而T4灌溉处理下，黑果枸杞可利用更大范围的光合有效辐射。（6）黑果枸杞果实外在品质与0-60 cm深土壤Eca呈显著负相关，而果实含水量在T1和T2处理间无显著差异。当Eca小于T3处理时，果实氨基酸含量与Eca呈负相关，当Eca大于T3处理时，果实氨基酸含量与Eca呈正相关。黑果枸杞叶片Yield以及qP（荧光淬灭系数）和NPQ（非化学荧光淬灭系数）分别与果实Lys（赖氨酸）和Met（蛋氨酸）含量呈显著正相关，在试验条件不满足时，可通过测量植物叶绿素荧光参数以推导分析果实必需氨基酸含量在逆境条件下的变化趋势。 |
| 英文摘要 | Unreasonable use of salt water in arid area in Northwest China aggravated soil salinization, so it was necessary to explore the rational use of salt water irrigation mode urgently. Based on the characteristics of groundwater in the study area, 4 menerlizations of irrigation water (electrical conductivity (Ec): 1701 ± 100 μs·cm-1, 4510 ± 100 μs·cm-1, 6890 ± 100 μs·cm-1 and 9011 ± 100 μs·cm-1) were selected for indoor germination and field experiments of L. ruthenicum, to study effects of saline irrigation with different salinity levels on the planting, growth and fruit quality of L. ruthenicum, and also to analyze effects on the soil environment. Preliminary results were as followings: (1) In experiments of field and indoor culture dishes, the total germination number and germination percent (GP) of L. ruthenicum seed were both in a significant negative correlation with the Ec of the nutrient solution and surface soil zone (0-10 cm). The seeding growth of L. ruthenicum was sensitive to the salt stress with inhibitory characteristics morphologically and physiologically, while the seedling could adapt to the salt stress by increasing the ratio of roots and buds. Therefore, soil salt contents in the surface seeding root zone (0-10 cm) should be reduced at stages of seed germination and seeding growth in field. As a consequence, the evidence that indoor GP of L. ruthenicum was obviously higher than field GP under 4 treatments indicated the L. ruthenicum seeding of indoor culture dishes should be adopted before the artificial planting. (2) The soil pH values of the field land changed insignificantly in temporal and spatial scales, and the effects of minerlization increases of the irrigation water on the soil Ec were obvious, which was reduced as soil deepened. Dynamic changes of Ec values in vertical soil zone were mainly shown in dynamic changes of each ion content, nevertheless, different ions in soil had different migration characteristics, so the easy leaching of Na+, K+, Cl- and SO42- ions by irrigation water was the most important reason for the decline of Ec values of surface soil zone (0-10 cm). (3) There was a significant positive correlation between the 0-60 cm soil Eca (annual average Ec) of the field land and the irrigation water minerlization with no obvious changes of Eca values under fresh water treatment (T1) and low minerlization water treatment (T2), while the annual variation ratio of 0-60 cm soil Ec under T2 (16.13%) treatment was lower than other treatments. Because T2 treatment made use of fresh water and saline water resources reasonably and halophytes could grow better where the soil salinity changed slightly, the minerlization water irrigation of T2 treatment was the adaptive irrigation model for artificial planting halophytes in Minqin area. (4) The biomass, leaf area and specific leaf area of L. ruthenicum were all in significant negative correlations with 0-60 cm soil Eca, and diameters, fresh weights, dry weights and water contents of roots and stems of L. ruthenicum all had extremely significant negative correlations with Eca, with the result that roots were inhibited most remarkably, then stems and leaves. (5) L. ruthenicum could response to gradual soil Ec increases through different physiological accommodations, and the increase of leaf Ci and the decrease of leaf Pn, Tr and Cond could all inhibit L. ruthenicum growth. PSII (photosystem II) Yield (actual quantum yield) and Fv/Fm (maximum quantum yield) of L. ruthenicum shared the same change trend with soil EcC (0-60 cm soil Ec during months when the chlorophyll fluorescence was measured) increases, while the Yield and Fv/Fm of L. ruthenicum were in significant negative (positive) correlations with EcC when irrigation water Ec smaller (larger) than that under T3 treatment. The light energy absorbed by L. ruthenicum was mostly used for the photosynthesis and heat dissipation of plants under T1, T2 and T3 treatments; while the light energy absorbed by L. ruthenicum was mostly consumed to generate the chlorophyll fluorescence under T4 treatment. A significant positive correlation existed between L. ruthenicum Lcp (light compensation point) and EcL (0-60 cm soil Ec during months when the photoresponse curve was measured) and a positive (negative) correlation between Lsp (light saturation point) and EcL when irrigation water Ec smaller (larger) than that that under T3, but L. ruthenicum Pmax (maximum photosynthetic efficiency) had extremely significant positive correlations with both Lcp and Lsp of L. ruthenicum, and the change trend of α (apparent quantum yield) was similar to that of Pmax. As a consequence, a threshold of photoresponse curve parameters happened between T3 and T4 treatments as irrigation water Ec increased, so L. ruthenicum could only make use of a narrower range of photosynthetically active radiation under T1, T2 and T3 treatments but a wider range under T4 treatment. (6) The fruit external quality of L. ruthenicum had a significant negative correlation with 0-60 cm soil Eca, while the water content of fruits did not change obviously under T1 and T2 treatments. There had shown a threshold of L. ruthenicum fruit amino acid (internal quality) between T3 and T4 treatment as the increase of soil Eca, showing that the fruit amino acid had a negative correlation with Eca when Eca smaller than that under T3 treatment but a positive correlation when Eca greater than that under T3 treatment. The study indicated that there were extremely significant correlations between leaf Yield, qP (fluorescence quenching coefficient), NPQ (non-chemical fluorescence quenching coefficient) and fruit Lys (Lysine), Met (Methionine) of L. ruthenicum. When the experiment conditions were not satisfied, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters could be measured to study and analyze the change trend of essential amino-acid content under adverse conditions. |
| 中文关键词 | 黑果枸杞 ; 矿化度 ; 种子萌发 ; 光合作用 ; 定植与生长 |
| 英文关键词 | Lycium ruthenicum minerlization seed germination photosynthesis planting and growth |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288150 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 罗君. 不同矿化度盐水灌溉对黑果枸杞生长发育影响机理研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [罗君]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [罗君]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [罗君]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
