Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 典型沙尘源区及沉降区生物气溶胶中微生物 群落多样性研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Microbial community diversity of bioaerosols over the Sand-dust Source Areas and Sedimentary Areas |
| 魏文斐 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 刘立超 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 生物气溶胶是指含有生物性粒子的气溶胶，生物气溶胶中的微生物成分可以附着在沙尘等微粒上，随气团运动并进行长距离输送。在沙尘源区，由强劲的气流带入大气中的微生物成分在沙尘沉降区发生沉降，影响沉降区的生态环境以及人类健康。蒙古戈壁沙漠（Gobi Desert）是亚洲沙尘的主要源区之一，发生在这一区域的沙尘释放及其输送过程，会影响我国北方地区大气环境质量。北京是我国北方地区重要城市，也是典型沙尘沉降区。本文以蒙古戈壁沙漠东南朝格特敖包地区（Tsogt-Ovoo）和北京地区作为采样点，采集了沙尘天气和非沙尘天气时的生物气溶胶样品，通过DAPI染色计数法和高通量测序手段，研究了沙尘源区和沙尘沉降区空气微生物群落组成、结构、变化特征及沙尘天气对群落结构的影响。本文主要研究结果如下：（1）沙尘源区朝格特敖包地区的微生物群落属于细菌域的20门、31纲、41目、56科和65属：在门水平上，朝格特敖包地区空气微生物群落主要由变形菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门4个类群组成；a-变形菌纲、b-变形菌纲、芽孢杆菌纲、放线菌纲为纲水平上优势菌群；放线菌目、根瘤菌目、芽胞杆菌目、海洋螺菌目是目分类水平上的优势菌群；甲基杆菌科、微球菌科和盐单胞菌科为科分类水平上的优势菌群；盐单胞菌属、甲基杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、棒杆菌属是该地区属水平上原核微生物群落的优势种菌群。（2）沙尘沉降区北京地区的微生物群落属于属于细菌域的18门、31纲、51目、75科和97属：在门水平上，北京地区空气微生物群落主要由变形菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和拟杆菌门4个类群组成；a-变形菌纲、放线菌纲、芽孢杆菌纲和b-变形菌纲为纲水平上优势菌群；鞘脂单胞菌目、鞘脂杆菌目、芽孢杆菌目、红细菌目、红螺菌目、乳杆菌目、根瘤菌目、噬纤维菌目和微球菌目是目分类水平上的优势菌群；芽孢杆菌科、甲基杆菌科和红细菌科为科分类水平上的优势菌群；鞘氨醇单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属和Gemmatirosa属是该地区属水平上原核微生物群落的优势种菌群。（3）通过对沙尘样品和非沙尘样品的OTU聚类分析和Alpha多样性分析，发现在沙尘天气与非沙尘天气时生物气溶胶中微生物种类差别很大，沙尘天气是影响群落结构的因素之一；无论在沙尘源区还是沉降区，沙尘天气都会令大气中的微生物群落丰度增加，微生物群落多样性变大；对两个地区的样品进行Alpha多样性分析，发现沙尘源地微生物群落丰度大于下游地区但多样性小于下游地区。（4）通过RDA分析发现，在沙尘源区，温度与风速对群落结构的影响不显著，相对湿度只能在一定程度上影响群落结构；在沙尘沉降区，温度和湿度则是影响群落结构特征的重要因素，温度和风速在沙尘天气发生中后期与微生物群落多样性呈显著正相关。综上所述，本文研究了沙尘源区与沉降区生物气溶胶中微生物种类、结构、群落特征及其变化，并对两地群落结构特征进行了比较，找出了其中的差异，为亚洲地区微生物扩散奠定了理论基础，为控制和改善北京地区的大气环境质量提供了事实依据。 |
| 英文摘要 | Bioaerosols aerosol is an aerosol containing biological particles, and microbiological components of bioaerosols can adhere to particles such as sand and dust and can be transported over longer distances with air mass movement. Airborne microorganisms brought into the atmosphere by strong air masses in the dusty source area will settle in the dust-deposition area, which will greatly affect the environment in the downstream settlement area. The Mongolian Gobi Desert is one of the major source regions of dust in Asia. The dust release and transport processes in this region will affect the atmospheric environmental quality in northern China. Beijing is an important city in the north of China, and it is also a typical sand and dust settling area. In this paper, sampling samples were taken from the southeastern Mongolian Tsogt-Ovoo area and Beijing area. Air samples were collected during the middle and later stages of dust weather. The high-throughput sequencing methods and the DAPI fluorescence direct counting methods were used to study the airborne microorganisms in the dust and dust deposition areas. Community composition, structure, change characteristics and effects of dust weather on community structure were studied. The main findings of this article are as follows:(1)The microbial community of Tsogt-Ovoo belongs to 20 phyla, 31 classes, 41 orders, 56 families and 65 genera of bacteria. At the level of Phylum, the air microbial community in Tsogt-Ovoo area was mainly composed of four groups: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria; Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria are the dominant groups at the class level; Actinomycetes, Rhizobia, Bacillales and Oceanospirillales are the dominant taxonomic groups at the level of Order,. Methylobacteriaceae, Micrococcaceae and Halomonadaceae are the dominant bacterial communities at the family level. At the genus level, Halomonas, Methylobacterium, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium are the dominant species of prokaryote community in this area.(2)The microbial communities in Beijing belong to 18 phylum, 31 classes, 51 orders, 75 families and 97 genuses of bacteria. At the level of phylum, the air microbial community in Beijing area is mainly composed of four groups: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria;. Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria are the dominant groups; Sphingobacteriales, sphingomonas, Bacillales, Rhodobacterales, Rhodospirillales, Lactobacillales, Rhizobiales, Cytophagales and Micrococcales are the dominant flora at the order level. Bacillaceae, Methylobacteriaceae and Rhodobacteraceae are the dominant flora at the family level. At the genus level, Sphingomonas, Bacillus and Gemmatirosa are the dominant species of prokaryote community in this region. (3)Through the OTU cluster analysis and Alpha diversity analysis of dust samples and non-dust samples, it was found that the types of microorganisms were very different in dusty weather and dustless weather, and sandstorm weather affected community structure. Important factors. In dusty and sedimentary areas, the occurrence of dusty weather increases the abundance of microorganisms in the air and increases the diversity of microbial communities. Alpha diversity analysis was performed on samples from two regions. It was found that the abundance of dust flora in the dusty source area was greater than that in the downstream area, but the microbial diversity was less than that in the downstream area.(4)Correlation between microbial community structure characteristics and main environmental factors: In the dust source area, the influence of temperature and wind speed on the community structure is not significant, and relative humidity can only affect the community structure to a certain extent; the temperature and the temperature in the dust settlement area Humidity is an important factor affecting the structure of the community. There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and wind speed and microbial community diversity in the mid-late period of dust weather. In summary, this paper made a series of analysis upon various microbiological species, structures, community characteristicsand related variables within bioaerosols of sand-dust source areas and sedimentary ones. And with comparison of community structure characteristics of the above two areas, it further explored the differences therein for laying the theoretical foundation in further studying Asia-region microorganism diffusion, as well as providing the factual basis in controlling and improving Beijing-region atmospheric environment quality. |
| 中文关键词 | 生物气溶胶 ; 群落结构 ; 高通量测序 ; 沙尘源区 ; 沙尘沉降区 |
| 英文关键词 | Bioaerosol Community structure High throughput sand-dust sources Sand-dust sedimentary area |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288140 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 魏文斐. 典型沙尘源区及沉降区生物气溶胶中微生物 群落多样性研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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