Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 青藏高原地区石生微生物群落结构和功能研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Structures and Functions of Lithobiotic Microorganisms Communities in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Regions |
| 吴明辉 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 陈拓 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 石生微生物是一类自养微生物支持下的在全球广泛分布、能较好适应极端自然条件的岩石生境微生物群落。石生微生物的研究对阐明极端环境生态适应机制、提升石质文物保护技术以及探索地外生命等方面都有重要指导作用，而目前国内关于石生微生物的研究罕有报道。青藏高原地区地形地貌复杂，生态系统多样，是生态学研究的理想地点。其中的冰川前缘和荒漠草地植被覆盖度极低，生态系统非常脆弱，石生微生物在岩石分化、物质的生物地球化学循环中起着重要的作用，对改善当地环境和稳定该地区的生态系统有着重要贡献。本论文以青藏高原地区冰川前缘裸岩和荒漠草地中的石生微生物为研究对象，通过传统的纯培养方法和高通量测序等现代分子生物学手段研究其群落物种组成和生态系统功能的多样性，分析微生物群落组成和环境因子之间的关系，取得成果摘要以下：1、冰川前缘裸岩石隙生微生物群落的物种多样性因地理分布的影响存在显著差异。祁连山东段的岗什卡冰川和宁缠河3号冰川前缘石隙生微生物以蓝藻门（42.22%）、变形菌门（20.44%）、酸杆菌门（13.34%）、放线菌门（11.15%）为主，中西段的老虎沟12号冰川和七一冰川前缘则仅以变形菌门（92.37%）和蓝藻门（4.49%）为主，而且，东段的两条冰川前缘微生物菌群的多样性和物种均匀度均显著地高于中西段的两条冰川前缘。但值得注意的是，石隙生微生物群落功能并没有因地理分布存在差异，微生物的第一层级功能均以新陈代谢（51.06%）为主，这种功能冗余特性使得微生物对环境的扰动存在一定的抵抗性。2、青藏高原地区荒漠草地石下生微生物的物种组成在不同的区域内存在显著差异。青藏高原内陆区（青藏公路沿线）的石下生微生物以变形菌门（48.62%）、放线菌门（22.26%）、拟杆菌门（21.33%）为主，青藏高原边缘区（河西走廊西部）则以蓝藻门（76.35%）和变形菌门（8.87%）为主。经过进一步的分析发现，石下生微生物的物种结构随着海拔、地理位置（经纬度）、温度的变化体现出显著性的差异，但降水对群落结构差异没有贡献，即在海拔落差、地理距离、样点温差达到一定的程度后，群落结构显著不同。而且相同的环境变化范围下，青藏高原内陆区的群落异质性要高于边缘区，说明在青藏高原内陆区的石生微生物群落更容易受到环境扰动的影响。 但是从群落功能组成来看，青藏高原内陆区和边缘区之间并没有显著差异，说明功能冗余性也存在于石下生微生物群落中，有利于群落的生态恢复。 青藏高原地区独特的生态环境孕育着大量的石生微生物，它们参与物质循环，改善生存环境，在长期的进化过程中，表现出物种组成因环境条件的改变而差异明显，但在功能上趋同的适应性特征。 |
| 英文摘要 | Lithobiotic Microorganisms is a sort of microbial communities living in, or on, the rocks with the support of autotrophic microbes. The capability to better adapt to extreme environments helps them distributed all over the world. Study of lithobiotic organisms significantly improved the understanding in ecological adaptive mechanisms of lifes in extreme environments, extraterrestrial life detection, and protection of stone relics. Nowadays， the study of lithobiotic microbes is rarely reported in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an ideal location for ecological research because of a complex topography and geomorphology and a variety of ecological systems. Glacial frontlands and desert grasslands are the relatively fragile ecosystems with extremely low vegetation cover in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The lithobiotic microorganisms play an important role in the rock weathering and material cycle, in turn, improve their own living environment and stabilize the region's ecosystem.In this paper, we study the lithobiotic microbiota in the bare rock front of the glacier and the desert grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and combines the traditional research of culture、high-throughput sequencing and other modern molecular methods to study the diversity of species composition and ecosystem functions in the community, and analysis the relationship between species structure and environmental factors, results are summarized below:1. There are significant differences in the species diversity of the gap-gap microflora in the bare rock front of the glacier due to geographical distribution. The bare rock chasmoendolithic microbes who are front of the two glaciers in the eastern Qilian Mountains (Gangshika Glacier and Ningchan River No. 3 Glacier) are mainly Cyanobacteria(42.22%), Proteobacteria(20.44%), Acidobacteria(13.34%), and Actinobacteria(11.15%), and two glacier frontlands in the mid-western region (Laohugou No. 12 Glacier and Qiyi Glacier)are dominated by Proteobacteria (92.37%)and Cyanobacteria(4.49%), and the diversity and species evenness of the two glacier chasmoendolithic microbial communities in the eastern section are significantly higher than those in the mid-western glacier. However, it is worth noting that the function of the microbiotic community of the chasmoendoliths is not different due to geographical distribution, and the first hierarchical functions of the microbes are mainly metabolic (51.06%). This functional redundancy makes the microorganisms have some resistance to environmental disturbances.2. There are significant differences in the species composition of the microbes among the desert grassland regions in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the inland area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (along Qinghai-Tibet Highway), the phylums are mainly Proteobacteria (48.62%), Actinobacteria (22.26%), and Bacteroidetes (21.33%), and the marginal area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (In the western part of Hexi Corridor), and the main species are Cyanobacteria (76.35%) and Proteobacteria (8.87%). After further analysis, it was found that the species structure of the hypolithic microorganisms showed significant differences with changes in elevation, geographical location (latitude and longitude), and temperature, but precipitation did not contribute to the difference in community structure, i.e., the altitude difference, geographical distance, temperature difference of the samples reached a certain degree, the community structure was significantly different. Moreover, under the same environmental change range, the heterogeneity of the community in the inland area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is higher than that in the marginal areas, indicating that the hypolithic microbial communities in the inland areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are more susceptible to environmental disturbances. However, from the point of view of community function composition, there is no significant difference between the inland areas and the marginal areas of the Tibetan Plateau, indicating that functional redundancy also exists in the subsoil microbial community and is conducive to the ecological restoration of the community.The unique ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau engenders a large number of lithobiotic microorganisms that participate in the material cycle and improve the living environment. In the long-term evolutionary process, it has been shown that the species composition differs significantly due to changes in environmental conditions, but convergence in function is consistent. |
| 中文关键词 | 石生微生物 ; 群落结构 ; 功能组成 ; 青藏高原 |
| 英文关键词 | Lithobiotic microorganisms，Community structure Functional composition Qinghai-Tibet Plateau |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288137 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 吴明辉. 青藏高原地区石生微生物群落结构和功能研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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