Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 生态工程实施以来毛乌素沙区植被覆盖动态变化研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Research on dynamic change of vegetation coverage in the Mu Us sandy region since series of ecological engineering implementation |
| 郭紫晨 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 刘树林 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 毛乌素沙区是我国北方生态安全屏障的重要组成部分，土地沙漠化严重，沙尘暴等风沙灾害问题一直困扰着当地及下风向地区人民群众的生产生活。为了减轻地区风沙灾害，确保国家生态安全，自2000年以来，国家和地方政府实施了一系列生态保护建设工程和防灾减灾措施。深刻揭示研究区植被覆盖动态过程，对于查明相关工程与对策措施实施的具体效果，具有重要的意义。本文利用2000-2015年MODIS13Q1 NDVI产品、年平均气温、年总降水量、年平均风速等数据，采用回归分析方法、显著性检验和相关性分析，对毛乌素沙区生态工程实施以来植被覆盖度变化趋势及其对气温、降水与风速变化的响应进行了分析研究，并通过典型群落样地法和无人机技术，对不同植被群落地上生物量进行了调查研究。结果表明：1）毛乌素沙区植被覆盖度总体由东向西呈减少趋势，大部分区域植被覆盖度在30%以下，沙地腹地依然明显存在极低植被覆盖的流沙区。2）21世纪系列生态工程实施以来毛乌素沙区植被覆盖度总体呈增加趋势，但空间差异明显。中东部大部分地区及毛乌素沙地腹地流动沙带之间植被覆盖度呈显著、极显著增加趋势；西部西鄂尔多斯荒漠草原区植被覆盖度变化不显著；植被覆盖度变化显著或极显著减小的地区极少，呈点状零散分布。3）毛乌素沙区植被覆盖度对气温和降水响应的敏感性存在空间差异，且存在时滞性差异。东部黄土高原过渡区和西部西鄂尔多斯荒漠草原区植被对降水和气温的响应敏感，植被覆盖度的变化与气温和降水因子呈显著相关关系；毛乌素沙地主体区植被覆盖度变化与当年总降水量和年平均气温相关性不强，但与时滞降水的相关系数显著增大，这可能与毛乌素沙地土壤质地和植被类型对降水的分配与利用方式有关。4）21世纪以来总体减低的风速环境，可能对毛乌素沙区西鄂尔多斯高原上的植被恢复起重要作用，在该区域内风速与气温和降水共同作用于植被覆盖；但在毛乌素沙区核心区和东部的黄土高原过渡区，风速与气温和降水的作用并不同步，这可能与当地“水-热-风”的时间配置格局有关。生态工程实施对毛乌素沙区植被的改善有一定的贡献，但贡献率大小仍需进一步深入研究。5）毛乌素沙区单位面积上生物量多少与植被覆盖度、植被类型有密切关系，不同植被群落组合地上生物量差异巨大；油蒿群落生物量随着沙地的固定程度降低，今后在人工植被建设时，应综合考虑植被的防风固沙效果和生物生产功能。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Mu Us Sandy Region (MUSR) suffering serious Aeolian desertification and dust storms was an important component of China's ecological security barriers. Wind-blown sand disasters have been threatening local industry and agriculture activities, as well as human beings’ living-hood, and affecting leeward regions by soil wind erosion and dust storms. In recent years, the state and local governments have implemented a series of ecological protection and construction projects and disaster mitigation measures in this region. In this paper, regression analysis were used to analyze change trend of vegetation coverage and its response to temperature and precipitation in the MUSR, based on MODIS13Q1 NDVI time-series data from 2000 to 2015, annual mean temperature and annual total precipitation data. At the same time, aboveground biomass of different vegetation communities were investigated by typical community sampling plot method, combined with UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). The results showed that: 1) the vegetation coverage tended to decrease from east to west in the MUSR, and it was less than 30% in most areas of the MUSR. The mobile sand dunes with very low vegetation coverage were still obviously present in the hinterland of the MUSR. 2) Since the 21st century, the vegetation coverage in the MUSR has been increasing generally, but there was obvious spatial difference. The areas with significant or extremely significant increase of vegetation coverage distributed in most regions of the middle-eastern MUSR and those places among shifting-dune belts. The change trend of vegetation coverage in the desert steppe area of .the western Ordos plateau was not significant. The areas with significant or extremely significant decrease of vegetation coverage were very few, scattered in the MUSR. 3) There were spatial and time-delay differences about responses of the vegetation coverage to annual total precipitation and annual mean temperature in the MUSR. The vegetation coverage responses to annual total precipitation and annual mean temperature in the transitional zone of Loess plateau and the desert steppe region in the western Ordos Plateau were very sensitive, because of bigger correlation coefficients between them. Although weak correlation between vegetation coverage change and annual total precipitation or annual mean temperature in the Mu Us Sandy Land, there was significant increase correlation coefficients between vegetation coverage change and time-delay annual total precipitation. This might was related to water redistribution and use means due to different soil textures and vegetation types in the Mu Us Sandy Land. 4）General lower wind speed during the 21th century might facilitate vegetation rehabilitation, action from wind on vegetation coverage was at the same time with from temperature or precipitation in the western Ordos plateau. But in the transition loess plateau zone and the core area is exactly the opposite effect. The contribution of ecological engineering to vegetation coverage increase need to be further studied. 5) There were very close relationships among the aboveground biomass (AGB), vegetation coverage and vegetation types, but also big differences of AGB in different vegetation communities. The AGB of Artemisia ordosica communities declined with sand dunes stabilization. In the future, sand-break effect and production function of different vegetation communities should be comprehensively considered in implementing ecological construction projects. |
| 中文关键词 | 毛乌素沙区 ; 植被覆盖度 ; 趋势分析 ; 无人机 ; 地上生物量 |
| 英文关键词 | Mu Us sandy region，vegetation coverage，trend analysis，UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)，aboveground biomass |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 防灾减灾工程及防护工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288134 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郭紫晨. 生态工程实施以来毛乌素沙区植被覆盖动态变化研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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