Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 阿拉善荒漠两种优势灌木的树轮学研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Dendrochronological study of Sarcozygium xanthoxylon and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus in Alxa desert |
| 丁爱军 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 肖生春 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 灌木年轮学研究近些年由于其在扩充树轮研究范围、响应环境变化敏感等方面的优势，得到越来越多气候学家和生态学家的关注。目前的灌木年轮学研究主要集中在环北极地区和高山林线以上区域，对荒漠区灌木年轮研究者甚少。阿拉善荒漠面积达27万km2，分布着数十种地带性灌木，是灌木年轮学研究的理想区域。本研究以阿拉善荒漠东部贺兰山洪积扇-腾格里荒漠区和中部低山风沙残丘区分布的两种优势灌木霸王(Sarcozygium xanthoxylon)和蒙古沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)为研究材料，采集10个样点的树轮资料，通过分析不同气候梯度下两种植物径向生长的主要限制因子及其对区域气候变化的响应，揭示了区域近百余年来的气候变化波动状况。另外，利用一个点的树轮资料探讨霸王树轮宽度指标(Ring Width Index: RWI)和树轮基径断面积指标（Basal Area Increment: BAI）响应气候变化的异同。主要研究结果如下：(1) 基于阿拉善荒漠中部的4个霸王样点建立的中部区域轮宽年表，探讨了霸王径向生长对气候变化的响应及其所记录的阿拉善荒漠中部区域1902-2015年的干湿变化。结果表明：霸王的径向生长主要受到前一年10-12月和当年4-7月降水量影响。因此霸王的高低生长时段可以代表区域的干湿变化，自1902年以来，中部区域年表共记录了4个干旱时段和5个湿润时段。(2) 基于阿拉善荒漠东部2条霸王年表建立的东部区域轮宽标准年表，探讨了霸王径向生长对气候变化的响应及其与中部年表气候响应的异同。结果表明：霸王径向生长主要受到上年10-12月、当年3-5月份降水量以及当年5月份温度的影响。中部和东部霸王生长都受到生长季前期和生长季降水的影响，同时记录了3个干旱时段和4个湿润时段，所不同的是，东部霸王生长还受到生长季温度的影响，中部霸王生长受温度影响不大，这可能与东部地区强烈的风沙活动有关。周期分析结果显示，两条年表以2-8年、11年和16-32年周期最为明显，在1970s末发生了周期性震荡。(3) 霸王RWI和BAI与气象要素的相关性分析结果表明，BAI对气象要素的敏感性要强于RWI。基于BAI-RWI和RWI年表对比，得到由于偏心生长，轮宽指标在后期高估了树木本身径向生长的结论。具体而言，RWI年表与各月降水量、温度相关关系均不显著。BAI与当年2月气温，上年10月、当年5月降水量显著正相关。就月份组合来说，RWI与当年3-7月总降水量显著正相关，BAI当年3-5月份总降水量显著正相关。将BAI数据转换成RWI数据并建立年表后，与气象要素分析结果显示，BAI-BWI标准年表与上年10-12月份总降水量，当年3-5月总降水量显著正相关，而RWI标准年表仅与当年3-7月总降水量呈显著正相关关系。同时对两组数据进行配对t检验，发现由于偏心生长，轮宽指标在后期高估了树木本身的生长。(4) 沙冬青东部和中部两个区域年表及气候响应特征存在空间差异性。在年表特征上，东部区域标准年表记录了自1973年以来的两个沙冬青低生长时段；而中部则记录了沙冬青1980s初-1990s中的低生长时段。在气候响应特征方面，东部区域沙冬青径向生长与降水和温度均表现出显著相关：即受上年11月份和当年3-6月的降水的影响，以及上年10月、当年2月和生长季6-7月温度的影响；中部区域沙冬青径向生长与气温和降水相关性不显著，可能与局地微生境有关。总体上，阿拉善荒漠两种优势灌木的径向生长记录了区域百余年来的干湿变化，并与史料记载的旱涝灾害及区域沙漠化过程基本一致。研究结果对于认识区域气候变化、环境演变历史过程以及预测在未来全球气候变化背景下阿拉善荒漠的沙漠化发展趋势、制定相应生态环境治理对策等方面具有重要学术意义和应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要 | In recent years, shrub studies have gained more and more attention from climatologists and ecologists for its advantages in expanding the research scope of tree rings and responding to environmental changes. The current research on shrub tree rings mainly focuses on the areas above the ring arctic region and the alpine forest line. There are very few researchers on the annual ring of desert shrubs. The Alxa Desert has an area of 270,000 km2, distributed with dozens of zonal shrubs, and is an ideal area for research on shrub tree ring studies.This study used two dominant species, Sarcozygium xanthoxylon and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, from the Helan alluvial fan-Tengger Desert in the eastern part of the Alxa desert, and the mid-lowland sandstorm area. The tree-ring data of 10 sites analyzed the main limiting factors of radial growth of the two plants under different climate gradients and their response to regional climate change, revealing the fluctuation of climate change in the region for nearly one hundred years. In addition, the tree-ring data from one point was used to explore the similarities and differences between Ring Width Index (RWI) and Basal Area Increment (BAI) responses to climate change. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) A Chronology of the Central Region's RWI Based on the 4 S. xanthoxylon Samples in the Central Alxa Desert, and explored the response of the overlord radial growth to climate change and the recorded dry and wet changes in the middle region of the Alxa desert between 1902 and 2015. The results showed that the radial growth of S. xanthoxylon was mainly affected by the precipitation in October-December of the previous year and April-July of the same year. Therefore, the high and low growth periods of the S. xanthoxylon can represent the wet and dry changes of the region. Since 1902, the Central Regional Chronology has recorded 4 drought periods and 5 wet periods.(2) Based on the standard regional chronology of the eastern region established by the 2 S. xanthoxylon chronologies in the eastern part of the Alxa desert, the response of the S. xanthoxylon radial growth to climate change and its climate response to the central chronology are discussed. The results showed that the radial growth of S. xanthoxylon was mainly affected by the precipitation in October-December of last year, the precipitation in March-May of that year, and the temperature in May of that year. The growth of the Central and Eastern S. xanthoxylon was affected by the pre-growth season and the precipitation during the growing season. At the same time, three drought periods and four wet periods were recorded. The difference is that the growth of the Eastern S. xanthoxylon was also affected by the growing season temperature, and the growth of the Central S. xanthoxylon was affected. The temperature has little effect, which may be related to the strong wind and sand activity in the eastern region. The results of the cycle analysis show that the two chronologies are most pronounced in the 2-8 year, 11 year and 16-32 year cycles, and that there was periodic oscillation at the end of 1970s.(3) The correlation analysis between RWI and BAI and meteorological elements shows that BAI is more sensitive to meteorological elements than RWI. Based on the comparison of the BAI-RWI and RWI chronology, it was concluded that the wheel width index overestimated the radial growth of the trees in the later period due to the eccentric growth.Specifically, there is no significant correlation between the RWI chronology and monthly precipitation and temperature. The BAI was positively correlated with the temperature in February of the same year, the amount of precipitation in October of the previous year and May of that year. For the month combination, RWI was positively correlated with the total rainfall from March to July of that year, and BAI was significantly positively correlated with total precipitation during the March-May period. After converting the BAI data into RWI data and establishing the chronology, the analysis results with meteorological elements show that the total BAI-BWI chronology is positively correlated with the total precipitation from October to December of the previous year, and the total precipitation from March to May of this year. The RWI standard chronology is only significantly positively related to the total precipitation from March to July of that year. At the same time, a paired t-test was performed on the two sets of data. It was found that the tree ring width indicators overestimated the growth of the trees themselves due to eccentric growth.(4) There are spatial differences in the chronology and climate response characteristics of the eastern and central regions of A. mongolicus. In terms of chronology, the Eastern Regional Standard Chronology recorded the low growth periods of two A. mongolicus site since 1973; while the middle recorded the low growth period of A. mongolicus site in the 1980s-1990s. In terms of climate response characteristics, the radial growth of A. mongolicus in the eastern region showed significant correlation with precipitation and temperature: namely, the impact of precipitation in November of the previous year and March-June of the same year, and October and February of the previous year. The effect of temperature from June to July in the growing season; the correlation between the radial growth of A. mongolicus and air temperature and precipitation is not significant in the middle region, and may be related to the local microhabitat.To sum up, the radial growth of the two dominant shrubs in the Alxa desert recorded the dry and wet changes in the region for more than one hundred years, which was basically consistent with the records of droughts and floods and regional desertification processes. The research results have important academic significance and application value for understanding the regional climate change, the historical process of environmental evolution, and forecasting the desertification development trend of the Alxa Desert under the background of global climate change in the future, and formulating corresponding ecological environmental governance strategies. |
| 中文关键词 | 灌木年轮 ; 气候响应 ; 干湿变化 ; 轮宽（RWI） ; 基径断面积（BAI）年表 |
| 英文关键词 | Shrub tree rings Climate response Changes in dry and wet conditions RWI chronology BAI chronology |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288129 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 丁爱军. 阿拉善荒漠两种优势灌木的树轮学研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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