Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 近40年阿拉善高原土地沙漠化对生态环境变化响应的遥感分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Remote Sensing Analysis of Response of Aeolian Desertification to Eco-Environment Change in the Alxa Plateau in Recent 40 Years |
| 万炜 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 颜长珍 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 阿拉善高原是中国北方沙漠化过程发生发展的典型区域之一，也是重要的生态屏障区，以及环境脆弱与敏感区。土地沙漠化作为本区域生态环境变化最直观的信息记录与表现，系统深入地掌握阿拉善高原较长时间序列的土地沙漠化空间分布格局与演变过程，并在此基础上进一步分析土地沙漠化对生态环境变化的响应机制，对于阿拉善高原土地沙漠化防治、生态环境评价与治理等方面，具有重要的理论价值与现实意义。本研究以遥感（RS）与地理信息系统（GIS）的方法为主要研究手段，以Landsat系列卫星数据为土地沙漠化及土地覆被变化的主要数据源。首先，通过遥感影像解译分别得到阿拉善高原1975、1990、1995、2000、2005、2010及2015年共7期的沙漠化类型、沙漠化程度以及对应年份的土地覆被数据，并分析了三者的时空格局与面积变化。其次，以土地沙漠化数据和土地覆被数据为基础，并通过气象数据、水资源数据、社会经济数据等资料分析了阿拉善高原土地沙漠化及生态环境变化的原因。最后，通过提取土地沙漠化和土地覆被变化中的相关数据，分析阿拉善高原土地沙漠化和生态环境变化之间的耦合及响应关系。本研究最终得到以下结论：（1）阿拉善高原沙漠化类型以灌丛沙漠化、沙丘活化与流沙入侵为主，旱地农田沙漠化及风蚀劣地化次之，砾质沙漠化面积最少；沙漠化程度呈现严重沙漠化、重度沙漠化、中度沙漠化、轻度沙漠化的面积由多到少的规律。近40年来，阿拉善高原沙漠化总面积以及沙漠化发展程度均以2000年为界，具体表现为沙漠化总面积先增多（1975~2000年）后减少（2000~2015年）；沙漠化指数于2000年达到最大值，即沙漠化程度先恶化（1975~2000年）后逆转（2000~2015年）。（2）阿拉善高原土地覆被类型主要以荒漠为主，草地及稀疏灌丛次之；湿地主要分布在高原西北部的额济纳绿洲区，以及东端的黄河沿线区；林地主要分布在阿拉善高原东南端的贺兰山西麓以及额济纳绿洲的额济纳河外缘；人工表面和耕地主要分布在阿拉善盟的主要人口聚居区。各土地覆被一级类型在时间上也多有以2000年为时间节点的变化规律。（3）气候变化、水资源变化、人为扰动等三大因素是阿拉善高原生态环境变化主要原因。且气候整体朝生态环境恢复方向发展；引黄水利措施及黑河分水政策对阿拉善左旗及额济纳河流域的沙漠化逆转及生态环境恢复起到重要作用；人文因素对生态环境的影响是复杂的，但近40年来人为影响强度在不断上升。（4）沙漠化指数与沙漠覆盖面积之间存在较好的线性关系，二者之间为正相关性；土地沙漠化动态度与土地覆被动态度的演变规律相似，但土地沙漠化动态度较土地覆被动态度而言，在时间序列上呈现一定的“滞后”现象；生态系统质量指数与土地沙漠化面积的拟合结果良好，二者呈现显著的负相关性，即阿拉善高原土地沙漠化的发展或逆转是区域生态环境变化的直观写照。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Alxa Plateau is one of the most typical regions where the aeolian desertification take place and develop in the Northern China, and it is also an important ecological barrier area and environmental vulnerability and sensitive area. Aeolian desertification can be used as the most intuitive information recording of ecological environment changes in this region. It is necessary to better understand the longer time series spatial distribution pattern and evolution process of aeolian desertification and the response of aeolian desertification to ecological environment evaluation, which has important theoretical value and practical significance for the prevention and control of aeolian desertification and the ecological environment evaluation and management in the Alxa Plateau.Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were applied as the main study techniques in this study. And data sources of aeolian desertification and land use/ cover change (LUCC) were derived from a series of Landsat satellite data. Firstly, a total of 7 dataset were obtained about types and degree of aeolian desertification and corresponding LUCC data in 1975, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2000 and 2015 in the Alxa Plateau by image interpretation, and spatio-temporal patterns and area changes of these data were analyzed. Secondly, based on aeolian desertification and land cover data, meteorological data, hydrological data, and social-economic statistical data, the cause of the aeolian desertification and ecological environment changes were analyzed. Finally, it was analyzed that the coupling and response between aeolian desertification and eco-environmental change through the extraction of the related data of aeolian desertification and land cover change in the Alxa plateau. The conclusions of this study were as follows:(1) The shrub desertification and mobilization of sand dunes or encroachment by mobile sand were the main aeolian desertification types in the Alxa Plateau. While, the desertification of rain-fed farmland and wind erosion of badlands were relatively less, and gravel desertification was the least. The area of aeolian desertification degree ranged as: extremely sever aeolian desertification, severe aeolian desertification, moderate aeolian desertification, and slight aeolian desertification. In recent 40 years, the year 2000 was found to be a time node that aeolian desertification area showed an increase trend firstly (1975 to 2000) but then decreased (2000 to 2015). In addition, desertification index was the highest in 2000, i.e., aeolian desertification degree degraded in the earlier times (1975 to 2000) then rehabbed later (2000 to 2015).(2) The main land cover types in the Alxa Plateau were the desert, while, grasslands and sparse thickets were less. Wetlands were mainly distributed in the Egina Oasis, northwest of the plateau, as well as along the Yellow River in the eastern plateau. Forest lands were mainly distributed in the west side of the Helan Mountain, southeast of the plateau, and the Heihe River periphery in the Egina Oasis. Artificial surface and cultivated lands were mainly distributed in population centers in Alxa League. Moreover, the year 2000 was also a time node for the first category of land cover types.(3) Climate and water resources change as well as the human disturbance mainly accounted for the ecological environment change in the Alxa Plateau. Additionally, Climate developed in the direction of ecological environment restoration as a whole. Pumping the Yellow River water irrigation projects and the water allocation policies in Heihe River Basin reversed aeolian desertification, and gradually restore the ecological environment to Alxa Left Banner and Ejina River Basin respectively. The influence of human factors on ecosystem is complex, but the intensity of human influence has been gradually stronger in recent 40 years.(4) The aeolian desertification index exhibited a positive linear relationship with the area covered by desert. The evolution pattern of aeolian desertification dynamic degree and land cover dynamic degree was similar, while, aeolian desertification dynamic degree exhibited a lag phenomenon in time sequence compared with that of land cover dynamic degree. There was a significant negative relationship between the ecosystem quality index and the area of aeolian desertification, indicating that the development and reversion of aeolian desertification can directly reflect regional ecological environment changes in the Alxa Plateau. |
| 中文关键词 | 阿拉善高原 ; 沙漠化 ; 生态环境变化 ; 土地覆被 ; 遥感 |
| 英文关键词 | Alxa Plateau aeolian desertification eco-envoriment change land cover remote sensing |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288125 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 万炜. 近40年阿拉善高原土地沙漠化对生态环境变化响应的遥感分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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