Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 辽西半干旱区春玉米浅埋滴灌水氮运筹模式研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of water and nitrogen application patterns of shallow-buried drip irrigation on spring corn in semi-arid area of western Liaoning province |
| 李雪 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 尹光华 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 为了建立适宜的辽西半干旱区春玉米浅埋滴灌水氮运筹模式，采用二因素二次饱和D-最优设计，在阜新蒙古族自治县开展了旱棚水氮精量控制试验，分析了灌溉量和施氮量二因素互作对春玉米光合效应、产量效应及水分利用效应的影响，得出如下结论。浅埋滴灌水氮二因素处理对春玉米生长发育的影响表现为，灌溉量对株高和叶面积的影响大于施氮量。株高在拔节期开始迅速增高，抽雄期达到最高，到灌浆期趋于稳定。叶面积从拔节期开始迅速增大，抽雄期达到最大值，到灌浆期有所下降。浅埋滴灌水氮互作能够增大叶片的叶面积（La）和气孔导度（Gs），提高蒸腾速率（Tr）和光合速率（Pn）。籽粒产量与光合速率显著正相关。灌溉量和施氮量二因素有正交互效应，光合速率随着二因素用量的增大先增高后降低，灌溉量对光合速率的影响大于施氮量。灌溉量和施氮量单因子对产量的提高均有促进作用。在试验范围内，产量随着二因素用量的增大先提高后降低，灌溉量对产量的影响大于施氮量。二因素之间有明显的正交互效应，存在一个最大值。通过计算得到当灌溉量为373.1 mm、施氮量为330.4kg·hm-2时，浅埋滴灌春玉米产量最高，达到11231.16kg·hm-2。不同处理的阶段耗水量均表现为拔节-抽雄期和灌浆-收获期耗水量较高，出苗-拔节期和抽雄-灌浆期耗水量较低。耗水强度最大值出现在灌浆-收获期。耗水量和耗水强度均随灌水量的增加而增大。不同生育阶段不同处理的耗水模系数差异均不显著，在出苗-拔节期和抽雄-灌浆期较低，拔节-抽雄期和灌浆-收获期较高。水分利用效率随灌溉量的增加呈逐渐降低的变化趋势，而随着施氮量的增加则呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。综合光合速率、产量及水分利用效率等指标，确定出滴灌348.2 mm（苗期66.2m，拔节期95.4m，抽雄期76.6m，灌浆期110m）、施氮330.4 kg·hm-2（播种时沟施总氮量的1/3，在拔节期和抽雄期随滴灌等量追施其余氮肥）为辽西半干旱区适宜的水氮运筹模式。 |
| 英文摘要 | In order to establish patterns of water and nitrogen application on spring corn under shallow-buried drip irrigation in semi-arid area of western Liaoning province, an experiment was conducted which based on the two factors quadratic saturation D-optimum design with automatic rain shelter in Fuxin Mongolia country. The interaction effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthsis, yield and water use efficiency were analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn.The effects of the two factors on the growth and development of spring maize were as follows: the effects of irrigation on plant height and leaf area were greater than that of nitrogen. Plant height began to increase rapidly in jointing stage, and reached the highest level in tasseling stage then tended to be stable in filling stage. The leaf area increased rapidly in jointing stage, reached the maximum in heading stage, and decreased in filling stage.Leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf area, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was improved by water and nitrogen coupling under shallow drip irrigation. Grain yield was positively correalated with photosynthetic rate significantly. There was a positive interaction effect on photosynthetic rate between water and nitrogen. The photosynthetic rate increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the amount of two factors, and the effect of irrigation amount on Pn was greater than that of nitrogen application rate. Both of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate had a positive interaction effect on the increase of yield. Within the scope of the experience, the grain yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate, and the effect of water was greater than that of nitrogen. There was an obvious positive interaction effect between water and nitrogen, and there was a maximum value. According to the calculation, the highest grain yield was obtained when the amount of irrigation was 373.1 mm and the nitrogen application rate was 330.4 kg·hm-2under shallow drip irrigation.The water consumption of maize under shallow drip irrigation during jointing to tasseling and filling to harvesting stages were higher, while during seeding to jointing and tasseling to filling stages were lower. The maximum water intensity occured in filling to harvesting stage. Both water consumption and water intensity increased with the increase of irrigation volume. There were no significant differences in the water consumption module coefficients of different treatments at different growth stages, which were lower in seeding to jointing and tasseling to filling stages, but higher in jointing to tasseling and filling to harvest stages. Accompanied by the increase of irrigation amount, the water use efficiency showed a decreasing trend. However, with the increase of nitrogen application amount, he water use efficiency increased first and then decreased. Integrated photosynthetic rate, yield, water use efficiency and other indicators, the model in semi-arid area of western Liaoning province was established which was drip irrigation 348.2 mm(seeding stage 66.2m, jointing stage 95.4m, tasseling stage 76.6m, filling stage 110m )and nitrogen application 330.4 kg·hm-2(one-third of the total nitrogen applied in the ditch at seeding stage, topdressing other nitrogen fertilizer with drip irrigation at jointing stage and tasseling stage) . |
| 中文关键词 | 辽西半干旱区 ; 浅埋滴灌 ; 水氮运筹模式 ; 春玉米 |
| 英文关键词 | semi-arid area of western Liaoning province shallow-buried drip irrigation spring corn water and nitrogen application patterns. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288108 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李雪. 辽西半干旱区春玉米浅埋滴灌水氮运筹模式研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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