Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 昆仑山克里雅河主要离子特征及其来源研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on water chemical characteristics and genesis of major ions in the Keriya River Basin in the Kunlun Mountains |
| 邵跃杰 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 刘景时 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 以冰雪融水补给为主的河川径流是西北干旱区绿洲社会经济发展的命脉，全面认识西北干旱区河流水化学变化规律、原因和机理，对于理解寒区旱区河流地球化学过程具有重要意义。近年来，西北气候暖湿化转型，气温升高，降水增多，而西昆仑山冰川无明显退缩，河流水量减少或稳定，有别于全球冰川普遍退缩和河流水量增多。昆仑山北坡孕育多条河流，是南疆经济的生命线，水资源问题长期限制南疆地区的发展，近些年来南疆人口不断增多和经济发展使得水资源的不合理利用问题日益加剧，不仅使水资源大量浪费，同时也使得水质不断恶化，造成河流断流以及土地盐碱化等问题。因此，本论文以西昆仑山北坡典型河流克里雅河为研究对象，以本区1957–2014年水文、气象站点资料和1979-2017部分年份水化学数据为依托，定性与定量分析相结合，利用统计分析和图表描述分析了克里雅河河水和降水主要阳离子K?、Na?、Ca2?、Mg2?和阴离子Cl?、SO?2?、CO?2?、HCO??的年内和年际变化，基于相关分析分析了克里雅河主要离子浓度与流量之间的关系，通过Gibbs图和因子分析等方法，分析了克里雅河水化学的控制因素以及可能的来源。主要成果和结论如下：（1）基于对克里雅河上游出山口长期水化学资料分析，克里雅河上游河水矿化度介于203-1081mg/L，平均为550.5mg/L。河水在向下游流动过程不断蒸发损失，导致下游河水盐分积聚，河水矿化度普遍较高，中下游河水平均矿化度为2267 mg/L，冬季下游河水矿化度最高可达2884mg/L。克里雅河河水pH在8.0 - 8.5之间波动，在天然水中相对较高，因此克里雅河水为偏碱性河水。克里雅河水硬度介于100.3-281.7mg/L之间，平均硬度为195.6mg/L，大部分时期，克里雅河水均属于硬水级别，只有在夏季部分月份流量很大时候，河水会被稀释为中度硬水。主要阳离子中，Na?+K?含量最高，Ca2?浓度次之，Mg2?浓度最低；主要阴离子中，HCO??的浓度最高，SO?2?的平均浓度略高于Cl?。（2）对克里雅流域6月22日到8月18日之间的7次降水样品水化学分析表明，克里雅河流域降水矿化度波动很大，所得样品中最高矿化度358.4mg/L，最低138.9 mg/L，平均为273.3 mg/L，最大矿化度与最小矿化度倍比为2.6。降水主要阳离子浓度从Ca2?、Na?、Mg2?、K?逐渐降低，主要阴离子浓度依次为HCO??＞SO?2?＞Cl?。从变化趋势上来看，矿化度在取样期间整体上有先下降后升高的趋势，这种趋势并不显著，Ca2?和Na?以及三组离子HCO??、SO?2?、Cl?的浓度变化与TDS的变化基本保持一致，Mg2?和K?随时间均没有明显的变化规律。（3）年内克里雅河主要离子浓度与流量具有负相关关系，即流量增大，离子浓度减小，反之流量减小，离子浓度增大，各离子浓度在夏汛期间（7-8月）最低，冬季枯水期（11月-次年2月）最高，丰水期克里雅河河水受地表径流补给为主，枯水期河水几乎全部来着地下水，由于不同时期汇流路径的不同，河水离子浓度出现随流量的年内变化。克里雅河主要离子浓度的年际变化与流量仍然有负相关关系，河水流量仍是影响年际河水离子浓度的重要因素，但年际离子浓度与流量的相关性弱于年内变化；2004-2014年之间水体各离子的变化趋势分析表明，K?+Na?、Mg2?、Cl?、HCO??的离子浓度和矿化度均有下降趋势。（4）由Gibbs模式图分析克里雅河水离子含量主要受岩石风化控制和蒸发结晶两个因素控制，汛期河水水化学离子含量主要受岩石风化影响，枯水期蒸发结晶对河水组成影响最大。汛期河水不仅受到冰川融水稀释作用，强烈的蒸发作用也对河水离子浓度有重要影响。枯水期河水受地下水补给，在流量逐渐减小的情况下，河水的离子浓度最终趋于一个稳定。（5）对克里雅河几组主要离子进行因子分析和聚类分析表明，河水离子最主要来源可能是流域黄土等矿物，蒸发岩的风化对河水化学组成影响最大，碳酸岩风化和硫酸镁类岩石风化也有重要影响。 |
| 英文摘要 | The river runoff, fed by the ice and snow meltwater, is the lifeblood of socioeconomic development in the arid zone of northwest China. It is of great significance to understand the regulation, reason and mechanism of water chemical change of river in arid zone. With the increase of precipitation and air temperature, the climate is transforming to warm and humid pattern, but glaciers in the West Kunlun Mountains has no obvious retreated, meanwhile the water resources reduce. It is different from the global glacial recession and river water yield increased. Rivers in the north slope of Kunlun Mountain are the lifeline of economy in the south Xinjiang. The problem of water resources has been restricting in southern Xinjiang development for a long time. The increasing population and economic development in the South Xinjiang make the unreasonable utilization of water resources increasingly worse. The waste of water resources has caused the water quality to deteriorate continuously and the land salinization and so on. Therefore, Keriya River, the typical river on the north slope of the West Kunlun Mountain, is taken as research objective.This paper based on multi-year water chemical data from 2004 to 2017 and some years before the 1990 and air temperature and precipitation data from 1957 to 2014. Using multivariate correlation statistical method and hydrochemical diagrams, we study water the chemical composition, annual and interannual variations of cationic (K?, Na?, Ca2?, Mg2?) and anionic (Cl?, SO?2?, CO?2?, HCO??). Based on the correlation analysis, we analyzed the relationship between the main ion concentration and the runoff of Keriya River. By methods of Gibbs diagram and principal component analysis, the control factors and possible sources of water chemistry in Keriya River are analyzed. The results show that as follow:(1) Based on the analysis of the long-term water chemical data of the Keriya River upstream, we found the Keriya River salinity is between 203 to 1081 mg/l, and the average TDS is 550.5mg/l. The river flow is evaporating continuously in the downstream flow process, which leads to the accumulation of salt in the downstream. In the middle and lower reaches, the average TDS of river water is 2267 mg/l, and the highest TDS can reach 2884mg/l in winter. The pH of the Keriya River fluctuates is between 8.0 to 8.5. It is relatively high in natural water, so Keriya River is a partial alkaline river. The hardness of river water is from 100.3mg/l to 281.7mg/l, and the average hardness is 195.6mg/l. Its water is a hard type in most time of the year. Only in part months of summer when the high flow, the river water will be diluted to hard water. In the major cations, the concentration of Na?+K? is the highest, the concentration of Ca2? is the second, the concentration of Mg2? is the lowest, the concentration of HCO?? is highest in the main anions, and the concentration of SO?2? is slightly higher than that of Cl?. (2) The water chemical analysis of the 8 precipitation samples from 22 June to 18 August in the Kariya basin showed that, the rainfall TDS fluctuation of river watershed is very high. The TDS of precipitation is between 138.9mg/l and 358.4mg/l, and the average 273.3 mg/l. The maximum is 2.6 times more than the minimum. The cations concentration of river is decreased gradually from Ca2?, Na?, Mg2? and K?, and the main anions concentration is HCO??＞SO?2?＞Cl?. The TDS tendency presents an inconspicuous down and up. Ca2? and Na? and three anionics concentration changes are basically consistent with TDS, while Mg2? and K? have no change. (3) There is a negative correlation between the concentration of the main ions and the discharge in different seasons. That is, with the flow increasing, the ion concentration will reduce and vice versa. The concentration of each ion is the lowest during the flood season (July-August), and highest in the dry months (November-Next February). There is still a negative correlation between the annual ionic concentration of the main ions and the discharge, that means discharge is still an important factor. The correlation between concentration and discharge in different years is weaker than that in different seasons. There shows a downward trend in mean ions concentration and TDS during 2004-2014.(4) By analyzing the Gibbs pattern, the content of river water ions is mainly controlled by the weathering and evaporation crystallization of the rocks. The chemical ion content in flood season is mainly affected by rock weathering, while evaporation crystallization has the greatest influence on the composition of river water in dry seasons. In the flood, the river is affected by the strong evaporation and the melt water of the glacier. In the dry season, the river is replenished by groundwater. With the decrease of discharge, the ionic concentration of water eventually trends to be stable in the dry season. (5) The factor analysis and cluster analysis of the main ions showed that the main source of the river is probably the loess and other minerals in the basin. The weathering of evaporation rocks has the greatest influence on the chemical composition of river water. The weathering of carbonate rocks and the weathering of magnesium sulfate rocks also have important effects. |
| 中文关键词 | 克里雅河 ; 水化学 ; 季节变化 ; 年际变化 ; 因子分析 |
| 英文关键词 | Keriya River water chemical Seasonal change Interannual variation Factor analysis |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院青藏高原研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288105 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 邵跃杰. 昆仑山克里雅河主要离子特征及其来源研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [邵跃杰]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [邵跃杰]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [邵跃杰]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
