Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
川西北和甘南地区生态系统服务时空动态及预测研究 | |
其他题名 | Assessing changes in ecosystem services and scenario simulation and prediction of The Northwest Sichuan and Gannan area |
唐中林 | |
出版年 | 2018 |
学位类型 | 博士 |
导师 | 吴宁 |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
中文摘要 | 生态系统提供了一系列关键的生态系统服务,这些生态系统服务是联系自然生然生态系统和人类社会的关键纽带,为自然生态系统管理提供了新的思路和方法。合理评估区域生态系统服务,明晰区域生态系统服务时空动态及驱动因素,并开展合理的科学预测能为生态系统的科学管理提供决策及实践支持,意义重大。川西北和甘南地区位于青藏高原东缘,是长江和黄河上游重要的生态屏障,生态区位重要性突出。近年来,随着气候变化、人类活动、土地利用变化等自然与社会经济变化,区域生态系统结构和功能发生了较大改变,显著影响了区域生态系统服务的提供,研究区的生态环境保护及社会经济可持续发展面临重大挑战。因此,基于川西北和甘南地区1990-2015年生态系统服务时空动态定量评估,本研究以自然生态系统类型及行政单元为分类单元,对研究区域生态系统的时空分异进行分析,并对区域生态系统服务之间的权衡/协同关系动态进行量化分析,同时基于情景模拟方法,以土地利用变化及气候变化为情景,进行驱动力分析,并在此基础上进行生态系统服务预测分析。主要结论如下:(1)1990-2015年间,在生态系统服务供给的总量上,川西北和甘南地区生态系统服务供给整体呈现下降趋势,其中水源涵养降幅度最大,固碳能力降幅最小。不同生态系统服务年际变化存在较大差异,阶段性特征明显,各类生态系统服务在2000年前后呈现不同的变化特征。(2)川西北和甘南地区生态系统服务的时空分异特性明显。以自然生态系统类型及行政区划为评价单元,本研究对区域的时空分异特征进行了分析,并通过权衡/协同指数对区域生态系统服务之间的关系进行了梳理。结果表明:川西北和甘南地区的草地生态系统、森林生态系统是各类生态系统服务的主要的供给来源;各类生态系统类型提供的生态系统服务物质量及其占比在时间尺度上也存在较大差异,如草地生态系统、水体与湿地生态系统的水源涵养功能呈现增长趋势、森林生态系统的土壤保持、固碳能力增加而水源涵养功能降低、农田生态系统的生产供给能力呈现增长趋势等。在地域分异的角度,甘孜州在3州中提供的各项生态系统服务均为最大值,而在县域水平,评价的各项生态系统服务分布均存在较大的地域差异。水源涵养与土壤保持、生产供给、固碳服务过去25年间整体呈现权衡关系,但1990-2000年间,随着区域生态系统退化现象加剧,森林、草地生态系统质量下降,荒漠生态系统、农田生态系统增速较快,在此期间各项服务呈现出明显的同向变化特征,土壤保持与生产供给、固碳服务及生产供给与固碳服务之间呈现协同关系。在本研究中,土壤保持与生产供给因为服务供给的主体均为草地、森林生态系统,所以在区域尺度上二者表现出了明显的协同关系。(3)基于情景分析方法,以土地利用变化和气候变化中的降水、气温为驱动因子,本研究通过设置土地利用变化情景(情景1)、气候变化情景(情景2),模拟在不同驱动情景下生态系统服务的时空动态,并通过与真实变化情景(情景3)进行对比,分析不同驱动因子的驱动过程。结果表明:1)在3种不同的变化情景下,各项生态系统服务量在总量上的的大小顺序为情景1>情景3>情景2;2)不同驱动情景下,不同的生态系统类型提供的生态系统服务呈现不同的变化趋势。在土地利用驱动下,不同的土地利用转移方向对生态系统服务供给影响较大,如草地生态系统向森林生态系统的转移增加了局部区域的生产供给、土壤保持能力,但降低了原有生态系统的产水量,对水源涵养功能造成不利影响。气候变化背景下,生态系统服务的空间变化格局受气候变化影响强烈,1990-2000年间,研究区约70%的区域经历了气候暖干化的变化趋势,这也直接导致了对应区域水源涵养、土壤保持量、生产供给及固碳量的降低,而约30%的区域经历了暖湿的气候变化趋势,研究的几项生态系统服务均呈现递增趋势。而在第二阶段,在2000-2015年间,生态系统服务也随气候变化呈现了相同的空间分布趋势;3)不同驱动情景下生态系统服务之间的关系也呈现了不同的变化特征。在土地利用变化背景下,生态系统服务之间的竞合关系与真实情景保持一致。但在气候变化背景下,气候变化均降低了研究的几项生态系统服务的供给量,水源涵养与其他几项生态系统服务在三个阶段变化均呈现协同变化趋势,但在特定年份水源涵养与其他三项生态系统服务在各年份间的相关系数依然为负值,即在静态的对应关系上来看,在不同的地理单元上,气候变化对这几项生态系统服务呈现出了不同的影响,此外,在气候变化情景下各项生态系统服务的空间变化趋势保持高度一致。(4)基于灰色GM(1,1)-Markov及CA-Markov模型方法,本研究对川西北和甘南地区未来气候变化及土地利用变化进行预测,并通过不同的土地利用情景设置,对2030年研究区生态系统服务发展趋势进行预测。结果表明,以生态保护为目标的情景下,2030年研究区的各项生态系统服务供给均处于最高水平,通过合理配置土地利用资源,继续开展退耕还林、天然林保护工程等对区域生态系统服务提升效果显著。 |
英文摘要 | Ecosystem provides a series of ecosystem services(ES), including provisioning services, regulating services, cultural services, and supporting services, which constitute the basis of human survival and are closely related to the well-being of humans. As an important link between human beings and the natural ecosystem, ecosystem service opens up a new perspective of ecosystem management and sustainable development. It is of great significance for ecosystem management to rationally evaluate regional ecosystem services, clarify temporal and spatial dynamics and driving factors of regional ecosystem services, and carry out reasonable scientific prediction.The Northwest Sichuan and Gannan area(NWSG), as the ecological barrier of the Yangtze River and the upper reaches of the Yellow River in China, which plays an important role in the national ecological security strategy. In recent years, with global warming, population increasing, overgrazing, and city expansion, the ecosystem in the area is confronted with a series of severe challenges. Therefore, based on the CASA and InVEST, the quantitative dynamic of NWSG area was estimated.Based on the results, the different classification unit(ecosystem types and administrative unit)were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics, and the relationship between ecosystem services were quantified. Meanwhile, the scenario simulation methods were used to analyze the driving factors of the ecosystem service changes. In addition, the ecosystem service forecast were made on the basis of the driving force analysis. The main conclusions were as follows:(1):From 1990-2015, the physical quantity of ecosystem services in northwestern Sichuan and Gannan area showed a downward trend. Soil conservation, water conservation, production and supply, carbon storage function declined significantly, of which the water conservation declined the most. Besides, the periodical characteristics were present in this region, and the various kinds of ecosystem services showed a different characteristics before and after 2000. (2): The spatial and temporal diversity of ecosystem services in northwestern Sichuan and Gannan area were obvious. The temporal and spatial differentiation characteristics of the study area were analyzed based on the different classification unit, and the relationship between ecosystem services were caculated. The results showed: 1):The grassland and forest were the main sources of various ecosystem services in the study area; 2) The quality and the proportion of ecosystem services provided by each ecosystem type were different in time scale. For example, the water conservation service of the grassland and wetland ecosystem increased in the past 25 years, the soil conservation and carbon storage of forest increased while the water conservation service decreased. In the perspective of regional differentiation,the ecosystem services provided by Ganzi prefecture were the most in the 3 prefectures, in the county level, there were great differences in the distribution of various ecosystem services. 3):The relationship between water conservation and other three services showed a tradeoff relationship on the whole, but there was a synergistic trend between these four ecosystem services with the deterioration of the regional ecosystem in the first period(1990-2000). Besides, the relationships between soil conservation,crop production and carbon storage showed a significant synergistic relationship in the past 25 years.(3):Three scenarios: land use change only(scenario1) , climate change only(scenario 2),and both land use and climate change(scenario 3) were set in this study to analyze the response of ES to the land use change and climate change. The results show that:1): the total quantity of ES reduced in all the three scenarios, the annual ES change was scenario II |
中文关键词 | 生态系统服务 ; 水源涵养 ; 土壤保持 ; 生产供给 ; 固碳 |
英文关键词 | Ecosystem services water conservation soil conservation crop production carbon storage scenario simulation. |
语种 | 中文 |
国家 | 中国 |
来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
来源机构 | 中国科学院成都生物研究所 |
资源类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288061 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 唐中林. 川西北和甘南地区生态系统服务时空动态及预测研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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