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| 摩擦纳米发电机的温度效应及其位移传感应用 | |
| 其他题名 | Temperature Effect on Electrical Output of Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Its Applications as Displacement Sensor |
| 陆存鑫 | |
| 出版年 | 2018 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 王中林 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着人类进入信息工业社会，短缺的化石能源渐渐地不能满足日益增长的能源需求，寻找可再生的新能源是当今社会面临的挑战之一。2012年王中林教授研究团队提出了一种制备简单、成本低、输出功率较高的新型机械能收集技术，即摩擦纳米发电机（Triboelectric Nanogenerator，简称TENG）。这种发电机主要是基于摩擦起电和静电感应的耦合作用将环境中无处不在的机械能直接转化为电能，能够应用于海洋能的收集、微型电子器件的电源和主动式传感器等领域。近些年来，研究人员对TENG在能源收集和自驱动传感器方面的应用做了大量的研究，但是这些研究大多数均在常温中进行，没有考虑在实际应用中温度变化对摩擦纳米发电机电学输出的影响。实际上，在TENG的实际应用中，它既可能在温和的环境运行，也有可能被置于恶劣的环境例如沙漠中工作。从而，研究温度对TENG电学输出的影响具有很高的科学研究和实际应用价值。本文制备PTFE和Al电极构成的单电极模式的TENG，并研究了温度对TENG电学输出的影响，并设计了一种用于位移传感的超薄可拉伸的柔性的TENG，主要完成以下内容：1）不同温度下TENG电学输出性能的测试。当环境温度从-20 ℃升高到150 ℃时，TENG的短路电流从1.45 μA减小到0.875 A，输出功率密度从0.3943 W/m2变化为0.1157 W/m2。接着，我们从温度对PTFE介电常数和有效缺陷密度的影响两方面研究了产生TENG电学输出的温度效应的原因。我们研究发现随着温度升高，电介质PTFE的介电常数和表面缺陷密度不断减小，从而TENG的电学输出性能降低。这项工作阐述了温度影响TENG电学输出的原因，为TENG以及基于TENG的自驱动传感器件在极端的环境中的应用提供了有意义的参考。2）设计了一种超薄可拉伸柔性的TENG（USF-TENG），可用于监测各种小位移运动。虽然这种TENG的输出功率不大，但是这种新型TENG具有很高的拉伸性、柔性和稳定性。根据对USF-TENG的位移-电压和力-电压关系的测量结果，我们发现USF-TENG的电学输出对拉应力、拉伸位移都具有很好的线性响应。将USF-TENG应用于可穿戴传感领域中，附着在人膝盖上的USF-TENG传感器可以有效地监测人在行走和跑步时的运动状态。基于USF-TENG的数据手套能够方便地采集到人体运动的机械信号，可以有效将这些机械信号转换成有规律的电学信号，这种USF-TENG在智能控制、人机交互、医学康复等领域均具有很大的应用潜力。 |
| 英文摘要 | As human enter the society of information industry, the shortage of fossil energy cannot gradually meet the increasing demand of energy. Therefore, seenking new renewable energies is one of the challenges in today’s society. In 2012, Professor Zhong Lin Wang’s group invented a facile-preparation, low-cost, high-output energy harvesting technology, namely triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). The working principle of TENG is based on the couple effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, which directly converts directly the mechanical energy from ambient environment into electricity. This promising energy harvesting technology can be widely applied to collect the ocean energy, as power source of microelectronic devices and active sensors. In recent years, many researches were focused on the applications of TENG in the energy harvestiong and self-powered sensing, but thy were carried out under room temperature condition without considering the influence of temperature. In fact, the TENGs will not only be operated in the gentle environment, but also work under harsh condition such as desert region during its practical applications. Therefore, the study about the temperature effect on performance of triboelectric nanogenerator shows its own value on scientific researches and practical applications.In this thesis, the temperature effect on the electrical output of TENG was studied by the single-electrode mode TENG, consisteding of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film and aluminum electrode. And a kind of utral-thin stretchable flexible TENG was designed as the displacement sensor. The main contents are as follows:1) The experimental results show that the short-circuit current (Isc) decreases from 1.45 μA to 0.875 μA and the output power density varies from 0.3943 W/m2 to 0.1157W/m2, as the temperature increases from -20 ℃ to 150 ℃. Then we have shown the influence of temperature on the relative permittivity of PTFE and its effective traps density to reveal the principle of temperature effect on the TENG output. We have found that the relative permittivity of PTFE film and its effective traps density reduce as the temperature rises. They are two factors that contribute to the decrease in electrical output of TENG with the increase of temperature. This work could provide meaningful information for the application of TENG in both power generation and self-powered sensing in the harsh environments.2) We have developed a novel untral-thin stretchable flexible TENG (USF-TENG) to monitor the small displacement motions. Although the electrical output of USF-TENG is small, this novel TENG owns very high tensile resistance, flexibility and stability. We could find that the output of USF-TENG has a good linear response to the tensile force and displacement according to the measurement results of USF-TENG. To apply the USF-TENG in the field of wearable sensors, the USF-TENG that attached to the knee of the human can effectively monitor the movement of people during walking or running. The data glove based on the USF-TENG could collect easily the mechanical signals of human’s motions and convert effectively them in to regular electricl signals. It has great application potential in the fields of intelligent control, human-computer interaction, medical rehabilitation. |
| 中文关键词 | 摩擦纳米发电机 ; 电学输出 ; 温度效应 ; 柔性可拉伸 ; 位移传感 |
| 英文关键词 | triboelectric nanogenerator electrical output temperature effect flexible stretchable displacement sensor |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 材料物理与化学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288057 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陆存鑫. 摩擦纳米发电机的温度效应及其位移传感应用[D]. 中国科学院大学,2018. |
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