Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 冰川-冰湖协同演变遥感监测与气候变化响应机制研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on remotely sensed monitoring of the synergic evolution of glacier-glacier lakes and their response mechanism to the climate change |
| 黄启厅 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 骆剑承 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 冰川被认为是气候变化的敏感指示器和存储器，也与水资源、海平面变化及自然灾害密切相关。在全球变暖背景下，我国西部山区的绝大部分冰川呈现退缩状态，退缩速率在20世纪80年代之后有加速趋势；冰湖是随高山冰川退缩形成的湖泊，冰湖的扩张和萎缩与冰川、气候变化均有密切关系，因冰湖溃决引发的洪水泥石流是高山地区常见的自然灾害之一。对于我国西部干旱区而言，冰川和冰湖水体同时也是一种重要的淡水资源。对冰川和冰湖进行动态监测，揭示两者之间的协同演变规律及其与气候变化间的响应机制具有重要意义。3S技术尤其是遥感技术的快速发展为冰川和冰湖的大范围监测提供了有力技术手段。本文以新疆中部的博格达峰地区和北部的阿尔泰山友谊峰地区作为研究区，采用1970S、1990S、2000S和2010S共4个时期的遥感影像数据对研究区的冰川和冰湖分布信息进行提取，对冰川与冰湖的变化特征进行了分析，在此基础上结合1970-2010年的气温、降水资料，探讨冰川和冰湖变化的相互关系，以及对气候变化的响应机制。论文主要研究成果体现在以下几方面：（1） 提出了高山地区冰川、冰湖遥感信息自动化提取方法。针对高山地区的气象和地形条件特点，发展了有效的云影检测方法，实现了冰雪覆盖地区影像中云影的有效识别和提取；在此基础上，基于“全域-局部”分步迭代的遥感信息提取框架，通过特定时段内多期有云影像的信息融合，发展了冰川和冰湖信息的自动化提取方法，克服了高山地区常见的云影、山体阴影等不利因素对冰川、冰湖信息提取的干扰，有效提高了冰川冰湖遥感信息提取的效率。（2）研究了基于长时间序列遥感影像数据的冰川时空变化特征及区域差异性。构建了基于CORONA、Landsat MSS、Landsat TM、Landsat ETM+ 等卫星传感器的长时间序列观测数据，在多时相冰川遥感专题信息提取结果基础上，依据面积、数量、规模和坡向等因子对博格达峰和友谊峰地区的冰川时空变化特征进行分析，并对两个地区的区域性变化差异进行了探讨。结果表明，① 总体上友谊峰地区和博格达峰地区的冰川均呈消退趋势，1972-2010年友谊峰地区冰川共退缩64.87km2，变化比例达到16.39％，退缩速率为1.66 km2.a-1；博格达峰地区冰川面积退缩47.74 km2，比例为23.46%，退缩速率为1.22 km2.a-1。② 在不同冰川规模上，友谊峰地区规模在0.1-0.5 km2及＞5 km2的冰川退缩面积最大，占总面积变化的70.09％；博格达峰地区则是规模为1-5 km2的退缩最大，占总体的42.61%。③ 在不同坡向上，友谊峰地区冰川在东和东南坡向的面积变化最大，占总冰川退缩面积的63.01％；而博格达峰地区冰川则在北坡向的面积变化最大，占总变化量的33.68%。（3）探讨了冰湖时空变化特征及区域差异性。对冰湖的时空变化特征与区域性差异进行了比较分析，得出以下结论：①1972-2010年两个研究区的冰湖也均呈增长趋势，友谊峰地区冰湖面积增加26.34 km2，年均增长速率为0.91%；博格达峰地区增加3.04 km2，年均增长速率1.76%。整体上友谊峰地区冰湖面积变化量比博格达峰地区大，但博格达峰地区增长率更高。② 在不同规模变化上，两研究区都是规模≤0.1 km2的面积增幅最大，友谊峰地区增加了11.78 km2，占其总增加面积的44.72%；博格达峰地区面积增加了1.36 km2，占总增加面积的44.74%。③ 在不同坡向上两研究区存在差异，友谊峰地区南坡冰湖面积增加速率比北坡大，而博格达峰地区则表现相反，其北坡冰湖面积增加率比南坡大。（4）基于研究区近40年来的气候变化特征分析，探究了冰川-冰湖协同演变规律及其对气候变化的响应机制。在气象资料辅助下，分析了研究区的气候变化特征及其差异，将气候变化特征与冰川-冰湖的时空变化进行耦合分析，尝试揭示研究区冰川-冰湖协同演变的规律和内在驱动力；通过两个研究区冰川-冰湖系统的演变规律对比，初步探索了不同区域冰川-冰湖系统对气候变化的响应差异。初步结果表明：1972-2010年友谊峰地区与博格达峰地区温度、降水呈增长趋势，温度持续升高是冰川消融的主导因素，冰川融化引起了冰湖面积的增长。1972-2010年友谊峰地区冰川退缩了64.87km2，冰湖面积增长了26.34 km2，博格达峰地区冰川退缩了47.74 km2，冰湖面积增长了3.04 km2，友谊峰地区冰湖消融及冰湖面积增长比博格达峰地区增长显著，主要原因在于友谊峰地区夏季升温更为明显。受地形及夏、冬季节温度升高程度不同的影响，友谊峰地区南面冰川退缩较快，退缩速率为0.82km2.a-1，博格达峰地区北面冰川退缩更快，退缩速率为0.71km2.a-1。冰川退缩对中小规模冰湖面积增长影响更为突出，友谊峰地区≤0.1 km2规模的冰湖面积增长11.78 km2，占该区增长总量的44.72%；博格达峰地区≤0.1 km2规模的冰湖面积增长了1.36 km2，占该区总增长面积的44.74%。友谊峰地区与博格达峰地区冰川退缩和冰湖增长均是全球气候变暖的结果。 |
| 英文摘要 | Glaciers are considered to be sensitive indicators and memories of climate change and are closely related to water resources, sea level changes and natural disasters. Due to the global warming, the vast majority of glaciers in the mountainous areas of western China are retreating, and the rate of retreat is accelerated after the 1980s. The glacier lake is a lake formed by retreating alpine glaciers. The expansion and atrophy of glacier lakes is closely related to glaciers and climate change. The glacier lake outburst flood is one of the common natural disasters in alpine areas. For China's western arid zone, glaciers and glacier lakes are also an important freshwater resources. It is of great significance to dynamically monitor glaciers and the glacier lakes, and reveal the synergistic evolution between them and their response mechanism with climate change.The rapid development of 3S technology, especially remote sensing technology, provides a powerful technical means for large-scale monitoring of glaciers and the glacier lakes. In this paper, the Bogda region and Youyi Feng region, located in the central and north parts of Xinjiang province, were choose as the study area. The distribution information of glaciers and the glacier lakes in the study area was extracted based on the remote sensing data, which were acquired in 1970s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010, respectively. The variation characteristics of the glaciers and glacier lakes were analyzed. Based on the temperature and precipitation data from 1970 to 2010, the relationship between glaciers and glacier lakes changes and their response mechanism with climate change were discussed. The main research results are as follows:(1) We proposed the automatic remote sensing information extraction methodology for the glaciers and glacier lakes in alpine area. Considering the meteorological characteristics and terrain conditions in alpine areas, a cloud/cloud shadow detection method was developed, which realized the effective recognition and extraction of cloud/cloud shadow in snow covered images. Based on the "global-local" iterative remote sensing information extraction framework, the glacier and glacier lake information extraction methods were developed by fusing multi-temporal cloud covered images within a specific period of time. It overcame the interference in extracting glaciers and glacier lake information in the alpine areas, and improved the efficiency of extraction process.(2) We analyzed the temporal-spatial variation characteristics and regional differences of glaciers based on long-term remote sensing image data. Long time series observation data were constructed based on CORONA, Landsat MSS, Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+. Based on the results of multi-temporal glacier remote sensing information extraction, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of glaciers in the Bogda region and the Youyi Feng region were analyzed according to the factors such as area, quantity, scale and aspect, and the regional differences of these two regions were discussed. The results shows that: ① The glaciers in the Youyi Feng region and the Bogda region generally showed a shrinking trend. From 1972 to 2010, the glaciers in Youyi Feng region were retreated by 64.87 km2. Its change proportion was 16.39% and the retreat rate was 1.66 km2.a-1. The Bogda glacier area retreated 47.74 km2, the ratio of which was 23.46%, and the retreat rate was 1.22 km2.a-1. ② For different scale grades, Two groups of glaciers with size of 0.1- 0.5 km2 and >5 km2 showed the largest area reduction in Youyi Feng region, accounting for 70.09％ of overall area changes, while the largest area reduction in Bogda region was found in the range of 1-5 km2, accounting for 42.61% of overall area changes. ③ For different aspects, glaciers within east and southeast aspects in Youyi Feng region showed the largest area reduction, accounting for 63.01% of the overall area changes. While the glacier within north aspect in Bogda region showed the most glacier shrinkage, accounting for 33.68% of the overall area changes.(3) We also analyzed the temporal-spatial variation characteristics and regional differences of glacier lakes. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics and regional differences of glacier lake were compared and analyzed, and the following conclusions were drawn: ① From 1972 to 2010, the glacier lakes in the two study areas both showed an increasing trend, and the area of glacier lakes in the Youyi Feng region increased by 26.34 km2, the average annual growth rate was 0.91%. The area of glacier lakes in Bogda increased by 3.04 km2, the average annual growth rate of which was 1.76%. As a whole, the increased area of glacier lakes in Youyi Feng region was larger than that in the Bogda region, but the growth rate in the Bogda region was higher. ② For different scales, glacier lakes with size of ≤ 0.1 km2had the largest increase both in the two study areas. the Youyi Feng region increased by 11.78 km2, accounting for 44.72% of its total increase, while the Bogda region increased by 1.36km2, accounting for 44.74% of the total. ③ There were differences between the two study areas for different aspects. The increase rate of glacier lakes in south aspect of the Youyi Feng region was larger than that of the north aspect, while the Bogda region was opposite, and the increase rate of the glacier lakes in south aspect was larger than that of the south slope.(4) Based on the analysis of climate change characteristics in the past 40 years, this paper explored the synergistic evolution patterns of glacier-glacier lakes system, and their response to climate change. Based on the meteorological data, the climate change characteristics and their differences for different study areas were analyzed. Through the coupling analysis between the characteristics of climate change and that of the temporal-spatial variation of glacier-glacier lakes system, we try to reveal the synergistic evolution patterns of the glacier-glacier lake system and their intrinsic driving forces. Furthermore, by comparing the evolution patterns of glacier-glacier lakes system in different study areas, the differences in the responses of glacier- glacier lakes system to climate change were explored. The preliminary results showed that, the temperature and precipitation showed an increasing tendency both in the Youyi Feng region and the Bogda region from 1970s to 2010s. The continuous increase in temperature is the main factor for glacier melting, which further caused the growing area of glacier lakes. From 1970s to 2010s, the glaciers of Youyi Feng region retreated by 64.87 km2, and the area of glacier lakes increased by 26.34 km2. The Bogda glaciers retreated by 47.74 km2, and the glacier lakes increased by 3.04 km2. The glacier retreat and the area increase of glacier lakes in the Youyi Feng region were more obvious than that in the Bogda region. The main reason was that the temperature rise in the Youyi Feng region was more obvious than that of Bogda region in summer. Due to the influences of terrain and different temperature rise in summer and winter, The glaciers in the south aspect retreated faster than other aspects in Youyi Feng region, with a retreat rate of 0.82 km2.a-1. while the fastest retreat rate of glaciers was found in the north aspect in Bogda region, with a retreat rate of 0.71 km2.a-1. The effect of glaciers retreat on the small and medium-sized glaciers lakes was more prominent. The glacier lakes with sizes of ≤0.1 km2 in Youyi Feng region increased by 11.78 km2, accounting for 44.72% of the total growth; The glacier lakes with sizes of ≤0.1 km2 increase1.36 km2 in Bogda region, accounting for 44.74%. Glacier retreat and glacier lake growth in the Youyi Feng region and the Bogda area were the result of global warming. |
| 中文关键词 | 遥感 ; 冰川 ; 冰湖 ; 协同演变 ; 气候变化 |
| 英文关键词 | Remote Sensing，Glacier， Glacier Lakes， Synergic Evolution， Climate Change |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288031 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 黄启厅. 冰川-冰湖协同演变遥感监测与气候变化响应机制研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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