Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 氮肥管理措施对新疆膜下滴灌棉田温室气体排放的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of nitrogen management practice on greenhouse gas emissions from cotton fields under plastic mulching and drip irrigation in Xinjiang |
| 马志雯 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 膜下滴灌是我国西北干旱区棉花的主要种植模式，具有节水、增温和改善土壤物理性状等优点。如何在膜下滴灌条件下应用氮肥的“4R”管理原则，实现氮肥高效利用并减少土壤温室气体的排放，是干旱区资源环境领域亟待解决的重要科学问题。本研究以新疆灰漠土国家土壤肥力监测基地的膜下滴灌棉田为研究对象，在2015和2016年进行了两年的田间试验，应用静态暗箱-气相色谱法观测了生育期不同氮肥管理措施下土壤N2O、CO2和CH4的排放特征，收集了农田气象资料和环境因子数据，初步探讨了干旱区膜下滴灌棉田土壤温室气体排放的影响因子和驱动机制，并分析了不同氮肥管理措施对膜下滴灌棉田棉花产量及氮素吸收和利用的影响。主要的研究结果如下：（1）与施用尿素（U）相比，尿素、脲酶抑制剂和硝化抑制剂配施处理（UI）没有显著影响棉花的生物量、吸氮量及氮素在各部位的分配率；在雨水较多和气温较高的年份（2015年），施用新型包膜尿素（ESN）有助于提升棉花的生物量，但未显著影响棉花的氮素吸收和各部位的氮素分配率；各处理的棉花生物量、氮素吸收量以及棉杆和棉籽的氮素分配率具有较大的年际变化，2016年的生物量和吸氮量分别是2015年的1.4~2.3倍和1.4~2.0倍，而其棉杆和棉籽的氮素分配率分别比2015年高49.2%和低19.4%。（2）氮肥管理措施未显著影响籽棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分含量以及棉花的纤维品质；年份显著影响了籽棉产量、衣分含量以及包括棉花纤维的上半部平均长、纤维整齐度、断裂比强度、短纤维率、马克隆值和纺纱一致性指数在内的多数棉花纤维品质指标，其中短纤维率和马克隆值在2015年优于2016，其余指标则在2016年优于2015年。（3）土壤N2O的排放高峰主要出现在基肥施用后的1个月内，而U和UI处理下的生育期内随滴灌追肥并没有增加N2O排放量； ESN处理下的N2O累积排放量最高（473g N2O-N hm-2），并显著高于其他处理（P< 0.01），约为其他处理的1.4~1.8倍，但与过往研究中农田的N2O排放因子相比，本研究施肥处理的N2O排放因子较低，仅为0.008~0.089%；CO2和CH4的累积排放量、全球增温潜势和温室气体强度则主要受年份而非氮肥管理措施的影响；（4）本试验条件下较低的土壤充水孔隙度（WFPS）以及N2O累积排放量与硝化强度之间的显著正相关性（R2 = 0.299，P < 0.01）表明硝化作用是干旱区膜下滴灌棉田土壤N2O产生的主要过程；土壤CO2排放量与土壤温度（R = 0.788，P< 0.01）和土壤WFPS（R = 0.378，P< 0.01）之间呈显著正相关，表明年际间土壤CO2排放量的差异可能主要与土壤温湿度的变化有关。关键词：4R，新疆棉田，膜下滴灌，温室气体，氮肥管理 |
| 英文摘要 | As the dominant cultivation system for cotton production in arid northwestern China, the plastic mulching with drip irrigation system has many advantages such as water conservation, soil warming and improving soil physical characteristics. Exploring "4R" fertilizer nitrogen (N) stewardship to improve fertilizer N use efficiency and reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions under such cultivation system is an important and urgent research topic in the area of arid land resources and environment. In this study, a field experiment was conducted at a cotton field under plastic mulch drip irrigation at the Xinjiang National Grey Desert Soil Station in 2015 and 2016. Static chamber-gas chromatography method was used to monitor nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions under different N fertilizer management practices over the growing season. The meteorology data and soil environmental factors were collected and used to identify the driving factors of soil greenhouse gas emissions from cotton field under plastic mulch drip irrigation in the arid region. The effects of N fertilizer management practices on plant biomass, nitrogen uptake, yield and fiber quality of cotton were also investigated. The main results are as follow:(1) Compared to urea (U), the combined application of urea with urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor (UI) did not significantly affect the plant biomass, N uptake and N allocations into different parts of cotton. In 2015, applying polymer-coated urea (ESN) increased the plant biomass under conditions of high precipitation and air temperature. However, ESN did not significantly affect N uptake and N allocations into different parts of cotton. The plant biomass, N uptake, N allocation rates of cotton stalk and seed varied considerably between years. The plant biomass and N uptake were 1.4~2.3 and 1.4~2.0 times greater in 2016 than in 2015, respectively. N allocation rate into cotton stalk was 49.2% higher in 2016 than in 2015, while N allocation rate into cotton seed was 19.4% lower in 2016 than in 2015.(2) Seed cotton yield, lint cotton yield, lint percentage and fiber quality were not affected by fertilizer N treatments in this study. By contrast, seed cotton yield, lint percentage and most of the fiber quality indexes including fiber upper half mean length, uniformity, strength, short fiber ratio, micronaire and spinning consistency index differed between years. For example, short fiber ratio and micronaire were greater in 2015 than in 2016, while the other quality indexes were greater in 2016 than in 2015.(3) Emission peaks of soil N2O mainly occurred within one month after the application of basal fertilizer. Applications of in-season fertilizations with irrigation (fertigation) for the U and UI treatments, however, did not induce N2O emission peaks. The cumulative N2O emissions was greatest for ESN treatment (473 g N2O-N hm-2), which was 1.4~1.8 times greater than other treatments. The N2O emission factors of fertilizer treatments were only 0.008~0.089% in this study, which were lower than other cropland systems in other studies. Cumulative emissions of CO2 and CH4, global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity differed between years but were not significantly affected by N treatments.(4) The low soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) and the significantly positive correlation between the cumulative N2O emission and nitrate intensity (R2 = 0.299，P < 0.01) indicated that nitrification was the dominant process for N2O production in cotton field under plastic mulch drip irrigation in the arid region. The significant correlations of soil CO2 emission with soil temperature (R = 0.788, P < 0.01) or soil WFPS (R = 0.378, P < 0.01) implied that the difference of soil CO2 emissions between years were possibly caused by the variations of soil temperature and moisture.Key words: 4R，Xinjiang cotton field，Plastic mulching with drip irrigation，Greenhouse gas， Nitrogen fertilizer management |
| 中文关键词 | 4R ; 新疆棉田 ; 膜下滴灌 ; 温室气体 ; 氮肥管理 |
| 英文关键词 | 4R， Xinjiang cotton field， Plastic mulching with drip irrigation，Greenhouse gas， Nitrogen fertilizer management |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/288016 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马志雯. 氮肥管理措施对新疆膜下滴灌棉田温室气体排放的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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