Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 塔中油田地下水位变化趋势与模拟 | |
| 其他题名 | Variation and Simulation of groundwater level in Tazhong Oilfield |
| 魏亚平 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 徐新文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中油田富含了丰富的油气资源，在极端干旱的气候条件下，地下水资源显得尤其重要。本文以区域内地下水水文过程为研究对象，定位观测地下水位时空变化过程。并且利用抽水试验和GIS技术获取水文地质参数，以此来建立地下水流预测系统，阐明沙漠油气开发区的地下水流运动机理。旨在确定高强度用水条件下的地下水位变化幅度，建立沙漠腹地油田区域高强度用水的地下水响应过程数值模型，预测未来油气资源快速发展的地下水响应状况变化情形，并制定相应的地下水可持续利用对策，以解决油气资源开发与水资源缺乏之间的矛盾。本文目标是探索提高地下水数值模拟精度的方法并且为沙漠油气开发区地下水可持续利用提供科学依据。本文主要结论如下：（1）研究区地下水位随着时间的增加，地下水水位整体呈下降趋势。年内水位时间变化与抽水工程密切相关且受气温影响较大。水位在冬歇期11-2月期间较高，之后由于气温的回升以及人类活动的干涉，水位呈现下降趋势。本文通过在潜水含水层的非稳定流抽水试验，利用三种非承压模型计算水文地质参数。结果显示除了Boulton 模型无法成功运行，其他两者均得到参数结果。其中Theis with Jacob 模型计算得到导水系数T = 8.96 E2 m2/d，贮水系数S = 6.11 E -2；而Neuman模型所得结果为T = 8.76 E2 m2/d, Sy = 5.00 E-1, Kv/KH = 1.12 E-3, Sy/S = 1 .00 E1，两者计算所得渗透系数K分别为13.6m/d和13.3m/d。（2）研究区所处沙漠腹地，地下水补给主要依靠南部冰川融水进行补给，该区地下水埋深深度多大于5m，本文利用雷志栋清华公式计算得到潜水蒸发量为0.986mm/a，可以看出尽管研究区气候极度干燥，但由于潜水埋深较深，所以该区的潜水蒸发量较少，而主要的地下水潜水消耗为人类用水。（3）通过Visual modflow 软件对研究区地下水位变化进行模拟并且假设未来开发方案。得到结果为沙漠腹地油气开发区当今的抽水过程未对该区地下水流场形成明显影响。本文通过假设5种方案，得到如下结果：在供水能力方面，方案5>方案4>方案2>方案3>方案1；成本方面，方案5>方案3>方案4>方案2>方案1；所有的供水方案均未对研究区地下水位形成明显的影响。综合考虑得到，在需水量很大时，选择方案4最为优化，如果需水量在方案2的可控范围内，则选择方案2最为合适。 |
| 英文摘要 | AbstractThe Tazhong oilfield in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert has a rich oil and gas resource, groundwater resources are particularly important due to extreme drought conditions. The regional groundwater hydrological process is taken as the research object, in the paper, the temporal and spatial variation of groundwater depth was observed, and the hydrogeological parameters were calculated by GIS technique and pumping test to establish the prediction model of groundwater flow system, and to clarify the mechanism of water movement. The numerical model of groundwater response process was established on the condition of high strength pumping to determine and predict the response of the groundwater situation change situation in the future to solve the contradiction between the resources development and water resources utilization, and conduct the scientific countermeasures for sustainable utilization of groundwater in the study area. The goal of this study is to explore the method to improve the accuracy of groundwater simulation model in the study area, and to provide scientific basis for sustainable utilization of groundwater resources in the study area. The main results are as follows:(1) In the study area, the groundwater level decreases with the increase of time. The variation of water level is closely related to the pumping project and temperature. The water level was higher during the winter break period of 11-2 months, and the water level showed a downward trend due to the rise of temperature and the interference of human activities. The article used the regression deconvolution method to calculate the pressure of the unsteady flow pumping test in the unconfined aquifer, three non pressure models are used to calculate the hydrogeological parameters. The results show that except the Boulton model can not run successfully, the other two parameters are obtained. The Theis with Jacob model to calculate the water conduction coefficient T = 8.96 E2 m2/d, water storage coefficient S = 6.11 E -2; and the results of Neuman model for T = 8.76 E2 m2/d, Sy = 5 E-1, Kv/KH = 1.12 E-3, Sy/S = 1 E1, calculated the permeability coefficient of K were 13.6m/d and 13.3m/d.(2) The study area is in the interland of desert, groundwater recharge mainly rely on Southern meltwater supply, the water depth in there is more than 5m, the phreatic evaporation is 0.986mm/a gaind by the equation of evapoeration , we can see that although the climate is extremely dry, but due to the depth of water level is relatively deep, the vaule of phreatic evaporation is small, and the ground water is mainly used for human activities.(3) the MODFLOW software is used to simulate the change of groundwater level in the study area and the development plan is assumed to predict the groundwater flow field in the future. The results show that the pumping process does not have a significant impact on the groundwater flow field in the hinterland of the hinterland. In this paper, by assuming that the 5 schemes, the results are as follows: in the water supply capacity, the scheme 5> scheme 4> scheme 2> scheme 3> scheme 1; the cost, the scheme 5> scheme 3> scheme 4> scheme 2> scheme 1; all of the water supply schemes were not have no obvious influence on the groundwater level. Through comprehensive consideration, when the water demand is very large, the choice of program 4 is the most optimized, if the water demand in the control of the program 2, then select the most appropriate program 2. |
| 中文关键词 | 地下水 ; 数值模拟 ; 潜水蒸发 ; 塔克拉玛干沙漠 |
| 英文关键词 | Groundwater，Numerical simulation，Phreatic water evaporation，Taklimakan Desert |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287997 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 魏亚平. 塔中油田地下水位变化趋势与模拟[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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