Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 咸水膜下滴灌频率对苜蓿地土壤表层水盐环境的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of Mulched Drip Irrigation Frequency with Saline Water on Surface Soil Water-Salt Environment in Alfalfa Field |
| 马婷婷 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 王涛 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 干旱半干旱地区淡水资源匮乏，为了区域社会经济发展使用咸水进行灌溉已成为农业发展的趋势，但不合理的咸水灌溉导致土壤质量下降和作物减产，引发土壤次生盐渍化，影响区域生态经济持续发展。膜下滴灌是干旱区农业发展中被广泛认可的节水灌溉方式，而不合理的滴灌频率设置使其节水、抑盐的作用不能完全发挥。因此本研究利用地下咸水（矿化度5 g·L-1）在苜蓿地进行膜下滴灌频率试验，探讨相同灌水量条件下不同滴灌频率对土壤表层水盐环境的影响，以期为干旱区农业生产提供帮助。试验共设三个处理，滴灌频率分别为24h一次（T1），48h一次（T2）和72h一次（T3），灌溉连续实施60天，不同处理灌水总量相同，分别为56.25 m3·hm-2。结果表明：（1）土壤蒸发强烈时，高频滴灌有利于表层土壤保持较高的含水率，可满足水分蒸发需求；低频滴灌相对次灌水量大，有利于水分向水平和垂直方向运移，但由于水分补给间隔较长，土壤表层常处于缺水状态；中频滴灌间隔和次灌水量较适宜，土壤蒸发减弱时，表层土壤水分分布比较均匀，土壤水分含量较高。（2）高频灌溉在土壤蒸发强度较弱时更有利于土壤表层盐分的向下淋洗；而当土壤蒸发强烈时，可采用中频灌溉方式，既可减缓土壤表层盐分的增加，又可使土壤维持较高的水分含量。（3）土壤结冻期，盐分离子含量明显增加，绿洲土壤总碱度增大，因此咸水灌溉后在春季消融期应注意返浆返盐现象，需要采取其他灌排措施来降低土壤次生盐碱化。制定合理的控盐、节水灌溉制度，提高滴灌的有效利用，还需考虑土壤质地、气候条件、作物生长特性、滴头流量、灌水量等其他因素，需要进一步的研究。 |
| 英文摘要 | Saline water irrigation is becoming a trend for agricultural development in arid and semi-arid regions to cover the shortage of fresh water resources. However, the unreasonable use of saline water has arisen some problems such as the decline of soil quality and crop production even soil secondary saline-alkalization. Drip irrigation under mulch has been widely accepted to be a common method to save water in arid regions. However, the benefits of drip irrigation cannot be performed well due to the unreasonable setup of irrigation frequency. The experiment aimed to use saline water (salinity 5 g·L-1) for irrigation to study the effects of different drip irrigation frequencies on surface soil water-salt environment to guide the agricultural production in arid regions. The experimental crop is Alfalfa (Medicago sativa.). Here were 3 treatments: once every 24h (T1), once every 48h (T2) and once every 72h (T3). Each treatment had the same total amount of irrigation water 56.25 m3·hm-2 and the irrigation duration was 60d. The results show that: (1) When air temperature was high, high-frequency irrigation was better at keeping a greater water content, which could satisfy the need of soil evaporation. Low-frequency irrigation had a larger irrigation amount, making the movement of soil moisture evenly in horizontal and vertical directions. However, the interval of irrigation was a little longer which led to the surface soil water-starved for a long time. Medium-frequency had suitable irrigation interval and amount, when air temperature was low, the soil moisture was well distributed and water content was greater. (2) When the evaporation was weak, high-frequency irrigation was better at salt leaching; when the evaporation was strong, medium-frequency irrigation could slow down the salt accumulation rate and have greater water content. (3) When the soil was frozen, the content of soil ions markedly increased and the soil total alkalinity increased. Therefore, some other irrigation and drainage measures should be done to prevent soil secondary saline-alkalization in spring. To draft a more reasonable irrigation schedule and improve the effective utilization of drip irrigation, some other factors should be considered, such as soil texture, climate conditions, crop characteristics, dripper discharge，irrigation amount and others. Thus, further study is needed. |
| 中文关键词 | 民勤绿洲 ; 咸水灌溉 ; 滴灌频率 ; 土壤水盐环境 |
| 英文关键词 | Minqin Oasis saline water drip irrigation frequency soil water-salt environment |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287947 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 马婷婷. 咸水膜下滴灌频率对苜蓿地土壤表层水盐环境的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [马婷婷]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [马婷婷]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [马婷婷]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
