Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 库布齐沙漠新材料工程沙障防风固沙效应研究 | |
| 其他题名 | The research of efficiency of break wind and fixed sand of engineering barrier with the new materials in the Hobq Desert |
| 郭彩贇 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 韩致文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 库布齐沙漠位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯高原脊线北部，西起伊克昭盟杭锦旗巴拉贡，经达拉特旗，东至准格尔旗。西、北、东三面以黄河为界，是中国第七大沙漠，地处干旱半干旱地带，沙漠化问题较为突出，大多防风固沙工程模式都有不同程度的实践和应用。研究新材料工程沙障防沙技术及其效应，不仅对库布齐沙漠治理有重要理论意义，也能为其他地区的沙漠化防治和生态恢复提供技术支持，具有重要的现实意义。本项研究针对库布齐沙漠自然环境特征及沙漠化防治技术需求，在杭锦旗独贵塔拉流动沙丘区建立试验区，对半隐蔽式沙蒿草方格、HDPE网和植物纤维网新材料沙障防沙技术开展了试验。使用MetOne 014A/024A型8通道风速风向仪（CR200X数采仪）、8方位集沙仪、长度200 cm的风蚀插钎等观测设备，采集了风速、近地表风沙流输沙量、侵蚀堆积和植被状况等数据，对比分析了不同规格和高度的HDPE网方格沙障、植物纤维网方格沙障及前沿高立式阻沙沙障的防风固沙效益。试验研究结果表明： （1）工程防沙试验区不同规格的HDPE网和植物纤维网新材料方格沙障及HDPE网高立式前沿阻沙沙障，都能有效降低近地表风速，减弱输沙强度，改变风速廓线分布，具有显著降风固沙效应，且能够适应库布齐沙漠及周边地区沙漠化防治需求。（2）一定孔隙度（60%）的试验方格沙障中心风速垂直变化幅度与变化规律，仅与沙障平面规格和外露（h）高度密切相关，而与试验材料（HDPE网，植物纤维网）基本无关。相同平面规格的方格沙障，外露高度（h）越大，降风效果越显著；相同外露高度（h）的方格沙障，小规格沙障的降风效果较显著。沙障高度（h）以下近地表风速被明显减弱，且越接近地面风速削减作用越显著。（3）试验沙障及其防沙体系对风沙流输沙量产生明显影响。同步观测结果表明，5.0 m×5.0 m（h=100 cm）大规格植物纤维网方格沙障中心输沙量远小于1.0 m×1.0 m（h=20 cm）HDPE网新材料小规格沙障，而工程沙障试验区的风沙流输沙量远远小于流动沙丘相应地貌部位。（4）试验沙障对沙面侵蚀堆积状态及强度产生一定影响。相同材料不同规格沙障地面的侵蚀堆积量状态与强度差别不大且趋于稳定。对比来看，1.5 m×1.5 m（h=20 cm）方格沙障中心地表蚀积量较小，防蚀积效应最好。试验沙障的蚀积防护效应仅与沙障规格有关，沙障材料的影响不明显。地形起伏变化增加了沙障布设难度，同时改变了风沙流的运动条件，影响试验沙障的蚀积状态与强度。（5）工程沙障及防护体系对天然植被的恢复具有非常显著的促进作用。试验沙障铺设后的阻挡作用对天然植物种的入侵、定居、成活和生长发育起到了积极作用。方格沙障降低了近地表风速，减小了表层沙土水分蒸发，为植物生长发育创造了有力的生态条件。而环境条件改善后逐年入侵和定居的植物种也丰富了土壤种子库。另外，沙障高度直接影响植被状况，高沙障不利于植物种子的迁移和定居。（6）试验沙障的材料成本，HDPE固沙网（h=20 cm）＜植物纤维网（h=20 cm）＜HDPE固沙网（h=50 cm）＜植物纤维网（h=50 cm）＜HDPE固沙网（h=100 cm）＜植物纤维网（h=100 cm）＜沙蒿草方格＜HDPE阻沙网（h=200 cm）。试验沙障的施工成本，HDPE固沙网＜植物纤维固沙网＜沙蒿草方格。（7）根据地理环境、防护目标和防护项目选取适宜的防沙材料和规格，需要进一步试验探索工程沙障不同形式的适应性和效应，以及沙障成本、运输条件、后续环境影响和使用寿命等因素，遵循成本最小化与效应最大化原则。在库布齐沙漠生态治理中，若考虑环境条件及成本因素，可优选草方格沙障作为防风固沙工程的主体材料；若考虑稳定性因素，可优选HDPE材料作为防沙材料；若考虑更加环保的治沙模式，应该优选50 cm高度以下的环境友好型植物纤维材料。 |
| 英文摘要 | The Hobq Desert is located in the northern of the Inner Mongolia plateau in Ordos ridge, in the west to the Balagong of the Yikezhao League Hangjinqi, pass by the Dalate Banner, in the east to the Zhungeer Banner. Bounded by the Yellow River in the West, the North and the East direction. It is the seventh largest desert in China. It lies in the arid and semi-arid area, desertification problem is more prominent, many projects about sand fixing have beening implemented and the applied in different degree in this ares. A deep research in application characteristics and sand control effect of sand barrier engineering not only provide technical support for the ecological restoration of other desert, but also has important practical significance, has an important theoretical significance.This thesis carried out an experiments of new materials of HDPE net and plant fiber net sand barrier technology in Hangjinqi alone Duguitara industrial zone aimes at the characteristics of natural environment of the Hobq Desert and sand control technical requirements, MetOne 014A/024A 8 channels anemometers (acquisition instrument CR200X number), 8 channels sand collectors and steel drills and other observation equipments were used, acquisited the wind speed, sand sediments near the surface, erosion and accumulation and vegetation status data, comparativly analysis the fixing efficiency of different specifications of the HDPE sand barriers, plant fiber sand barriers and the vertical resistance barriers.According to the practical needs of prevention and technical reserves of natural environment characteristics in the Hobq Desert, choose the suitable fixing materials and specifications, analysis the different sand barrier cost, transportation conditions, environmental impact and effective follow-up service life is necessary to further explore the technology of sand engineering and its economic, environmental adaptability, desertification control effect test, comparativly construction difficulty and other factors. Experimental results show that:(1) The sand engineering tests of different specifications of the HDPE net , plant fiber net barriers and HDPE high vertical resistance barriers, all can reduce the near surface velocity, the sediment transport intensity effectively, change the wind profile distribution, it adapt to the desertification prevention and control of Hobq Desert and its surrounding areas.(2) The wind speed variation in the center of barriers with 60% porosity is only related to the exposure hight (h) closely and the sand barrier specifications, not relative to the test materials (HDPE network, or plant fiber network). With the same plane specification, the greater the exposed height (h), the more obvious the effect of velocity reduction; With the same exposed height (h) of the sand barriers, the sand barriers with the small size have a better effect of reducing wind. The surface wind speed below the sand barrier height (h) is significantly weakened, and the closer the wind speed is, the more obvious the effect is.(3) The synchronous observation results show that the sand sediment of 5 m×5 m (h=100 cm) large size plant fiber sand barriers is far less than the 1 m×1 m (h=20 cm) HDPE sand barriers with small size sand barrier, and the sand transport quantity is far less than the corresponding sand dune landform.(4) The test of sand barriers has a certain impact on the intensity of erosion and deposition of sand. There is little difference between the state and the strength of the sediment accumulation in the same material with different specifications. Compared to the 1.5 m×1.5 m (h=20 cm), the surface sediment volume of the sand barrier is smaller, and the effect of anti-erosion is the best. The protective effect of sand barriers is only related to the sand barriers and the effect of sand barrier material is not obvious. The change of topography increases the difficulty of the layout of the sand barriers, and changes the movement condition of sand drift, which influences the erosion state and strength of the sand barriers.(5) The sand barriers and the protection system of the project have a significant role in promoting the restoration of natural vegetation. The sand barriers have played a positive role in the invasion, settlement, survival and growth of natural plant species. The checkerboard sand barriers reduce the velocity, the evaporation of surface soil moisture, and create a strong ecological condition for plant growth and development. However, the plant species that invaded and settled year after year improved the soil seed bank. In addition, the sand barrier height directly affects the vegetation condition, migration barrier is not conducive to plant seeds’ settlement.(6) The sand barrier materials’ cost and application: the actual cost of materials as follows: HDPE fixing net (h=20 cm) < plant fiber net (h=20 cm) < HDPE fixing net (h=50 cm)< plant fiber net (h=50 cm) < HDPE fixing net (h=100 cm) < plant fiber net (h=100 cm) < HDPE vetical net (h=200 cm). The construction cost of materials as follows: HDPE fixing net< plant fiber fixing net < Artemisia grass grid.In according to the different geographical environment, protection target and protection project, selecting suitable fixing materials and specifications require different features, need to explore the land adaptability of sand barrier further, and sand barrier cost, transportation conditions, environmental impact and subsequent life and other factors. Considered the environmental conditions and cost factors, we should chose the straw checkerboard barriers as the main material of windbreak engineering; Considered the stability of sand barriers, we should chose the HDPE material as the sand material; Considered the environmental harmony, environmental friendly plant fiber material below 50 cm height should be prefered. |
| 中文关键词 | 库布齐沙漠 ; 工程防沙技术 ; HDPE防沙网 ; 植物纤维防沙网 ; 防风固沙效应 |
| 英文关键词 | The Hobq Desert Technology of sand-prevention engineering HDPE net Plant fiber net Efficiency of break wind and fixed sand |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287944 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郭彩贇. 库布齐沙漠新材料工程沙障防风固沙效应研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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