Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黑河下游生态水量调度及公众认可度 | |
| 其他题名 | Ecological water regulation of Heihe River and public recognition |
| 苗政 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 冯起 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 针对黑河下游地区生态环境恶化的问题，国家实施黑河干流水量分配方案，通过10多年的黑河水量调度实践，在一定程度上缓解了下游绿洲的恶化趋势，生态开始恢复。黑河流域调度下去的水有多少，区间如何消耗，绿洲发生了什么变化，对生态服务价值有何影响，公众是如何看待生态恢复项目的等等。围绕这些问题，本文开展了黑河生态水量调度及公众认可度研究，得到了以下主要结论。(1) 弄清了黑河干流正义峡～狼心山河段引水情况。正义峡~狼心山河段区间引水总量为1.23×108m3。其中，正义峡~大墩门河段年均引水量为60×104m3。鼎新灌区0.97×108m3，东风厂区0.26×108m3。狼心山站分水后的平均来水量为5.29×108m3。(2) 建立了东居延海水面面积和库容的对数曲线关系，确定了东居延海生态需要量、补水量。 维持东居延海35 km2湖泊水域面积的最小生态补水量为0.55×108m3。(3) 黑河下游调水前(1999年)绿洲面积为3328.46 km2，生态调水后，黑河下游绿洲面积增加116.2km2，现状年绿洲面积为3444.66 km2，距上世纪80年代绿洲面积(3629.66 km2)还有一定差距。 (4) 黑河调水以来，下游的生态服务价值呈明显的增加趋势。在相同的耗水情况下，额济纳旗区域的生态服务价值更高，这为未来黑河下游的水资源配置提供参考。(5) 通过对黑河下游生态恢复政策与措施调查问卷分析表明，调查对象认为黑河分水量、地下水位、围栏封育、分水时间、水质是最为关注的政策和措施；从政策执行情况来看，执行较好的政策为黑河分水量、分水时间、节水灌溉、地下水位等。(6) 当地人口对生态恢复项目的认知度研究表明，56.5%的人对生态恢复项目有一个基本的认知，41.9%的调查者认为环境保护和经济发展是同等重要。生态恢复项目改善环境条件，但是负面影响当地居民的生活水平，调查结果表明51.9%的农户认为生态恢复项目对他们的生活产生负面影响。 |
| 英文摘要 | The lower reaches of Heihe River is an important ecologically defense line of the northwestern China. Aim to increasingly serious ecological environment problems of the lower reaches ofHeihe River, the water allocation schemes of Heihe River mainstream under annual average and different assure rates was given an official approvalby governmentin 1992 and 1997, respectively. Through more than 10 years implementation of water dispatching in Heihe River Basin, the worsen trend of oasis in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin was effectively alleviated. Then how much water was transfer to the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin. How to consumed water between different river sections, what changes have taken place in the oasis, what is the effect of these changes on the ecological service value, and how did the public look on ecological restoration projects etc.Around these problems, this paper carried out the research about ecological water regulation and public recognition of Heihe River. The main conclusions are as following:(1) Clarify the water diversion cases from Zhengyixia to Langxin Mountain of Heihe River mainstream. The total water diversion is 1.23×108m3 from Zhengyixia to Langxin Mountain. Thereinto, the annual average water diversion is 60×104m3 from Zhengyixia to Dadunmen,the annual average water diversion is 0.97×108m3 from Dadunmento Shaomaying,the annual average water diversion is 0.26×108m3 from Shaomayingto Langxin Mountain, the annual averageinflow is 5.29×108m3from Langxin Mountain. (2) This study built the logarithmic curve relationship between capacity and surface area of East Juyan Lake, determined the ecological water amount of resources, annual supplement water and surface area determine for maintaining the ecological water demand around East Juyan Lake. The minimum surface area of water should be 35km2 for maintainingthe ecological recovery around East Juyan Lake, the minimum ecological water supply should be0.55×108m3 for maintaining lake area.(3) The oasis area of the lower reaches of Heihe River was 3328.46 km2before ecological water diversion (1999). the area of oasis in the lower reaches of Heihe River increased 116.2km2 after ecological water diversion.The area of oasis in status quo was 3444.66 km2. There is still a certain gap thanthe area of oasis in 1980s(3629.66 km2).(4) Since ecological water diversion in Heihe River, the ecological service value ofthe lower reaches of Heihe River has increased obviously. In the same water consumption situation, the ecological service value of Ejinaqi region is higher, which provides reference for the water resources allocation in the future of the lower reaches of Heihe River.(5) through analyzing the questionnaire aboutthe ecological restoration policies and measures in the lower reaches of Heihe River, the results showed that the respondents thought the quantityof water division, groundwater level, fencing, the time of water diversion and water quality were the biggest concern policies and measures. From the point of policy implementation, the quantity of water division, the time of water diversion, water-saving irrigation and groundwater level and so on were better executed in the lower reaches of Heihe River Basin.(6) The research of local population awareness on ecological restoration project has shown that 56.5% of people on the ecological restoration project has a basic cognitive, 41.9% of respondents believe that environmental protection and economic development is equally important.Ecological restoration project improved local environmental, but negatively impactedon the living standards of local residents.The surveyed results showed that 51.9% of farmers considered ecological restoration project had a negative effect on their life. Therefore, it can be seen that there is a big problem for sustainability of ecological restoration project. |
| 中文关键词 | 生态水量调度 ; 河段用水 ; 生态服务价值 ; 生态政策 ; 公众认可度 |
| 英文关键词 | Ecological water regulation river section water-use ecological service value ecological policy public recognition |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287938 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 苗政. 黑河下游生态水量调度及公众认可度[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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