Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 敦煌阳关自然保护区植物群落物种多样性研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Studies on Species Diversity of Plant Community in the Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve |
| 代雪玲 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 董治宝 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 生态环境退化、全球变化等致使物种多样性不断丧失，而物种多样性保护已成为当今生态学家重点关注的科学问题之一。敦煌阳关自然保护区位于河西走廊最西端，处于绿洲和沙漠之间的生态过渡区，具有重要的地理、历史和生态地位，其生物资源丰富，有重要的实践意义和研究价值。目前有关研究区生物多样性、植物多样性等的研究报道还非常有限，而对于植物群落物种多样性与环境因子间关系的研究更少，相关的科学研究工作才刚刚起步。鉴于此，本研究分别从植物区系、群落分类与排序、物种多样性、土壤特征以及与土壤因子、海拔高度的关系等方面开展基础调查研究，可为保护区植物多样性的保护、管理和恢复等提供科学的理论依据。其主要研究结果如下：（1）敦煌阳关自然保护区调查到维管束植物 27 科 66 属 86 种，具有小科多、大科少，优势属明显、单种属多的特点，表明研究区内植物种类较少，且大多以旱生、中旱生植物为主，其生境条件较为复杂，异质性较高。种子植物科和属的区系分布类型主要以温带分布为主，尤以北温带显著，表明研究区种子植物区系具有明显的过渡性特征。（2）敦煌阳关自然保护区植被共划分为 4 个群落类型，群落内具有相近的物种组成和生境条件，群落间的差异较大，表明研究区内植物群落具有分布稀疏、结构简单的特点。植物群落分类与排序的结果一致，表明土壤水分梯度是影响研究区植物群落分布的主要因素。（3）敦煌阳关自然保护区植物群落物种多样性水平总体较低，不同层片的多样性指数均小于总体多样性，其草本层的多样性最高，物种多样性指数在各群落间的差异显著，说明植物群落的组成结构较为简单，且具有一定荒漠植被的特点。物种多样性、均匀度和丰富度在各群落间和不同层片群落间的变化趋势基本一致，沙拐枣群落→黑果枸杞群落→芦苇群落→羽毛荸荠群落，依次呈不断增加的趋势，反映了不同群落间物种组成的差异性和生境的异质性。各群落类型间相似性指数结果，也表明研究区内各群落间的生境异质性较高，体现了敦煌阳关自然保护区生态系统的多样性。（4）敦煌阳关自然保护区内各群落的土壤含水量总体较低，其养分含量相对较高，各群落间和不同土壤深度下土壤含水量和养分含量的变化规律相一致，均随着土壤深度的增加而不断增大，且羽毛荸荠群落含量最高。不同群落间的各土壤盐离子含量较低，而都在0-20 cm土壤剖面下最高，且随着土层深度的增加而减小，说明研究区内的土壤盐离子分布不均匀，且具有一定的表聚性。（5）各群落物种丰富度指数与0-60 cm剖面下土壤含水量均呈显著正相关关系，说明浅层土壤含水量对物种丰富度有重要影响；各土壤剖面下不同物种多样性指数与土壤养分含量间均有显著关系，但没有一致的规律，而与土壤盐离子间均没有显著关系，说明土壤养分也对植物群落物种多样性有重要影响。CCA 及偏 CCA 分析结果表明，土壤因子是影响敦煌阳关自然保护区植物群落分布的最重要条件，其养分和盐离子是主要的影响因子。 |
| 英文摘要 | Ecological degradation and global change have seriously led to biodiversity loss, and the protection of species diversity had become one of the most important scientific problems. The Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve was a typical transition zone between the oasis and desert, occupied an important geographical, historical and ecological position in the western-most part of Hexi corridor of northwesternChina, with rich biological resources, and important practical significance and research value. At present, the research on biodiversity, species diversity of plant community were very limited, and there was no any research of the relationship between plant community and environment factors in the study area, the related scientific studies were still at the starting stage. In view of this, this paper had surveyed and discussed the flora, classification and ordination, species diversity, soil characteristics and the relationship between plant community and environment gradients (soil factors, altitude), so as to provide the scientific basis for the protection, management and restoration of species diversity of plant community in the Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve. The work results were as follows: (1) The surveys recorded a total of 27 families, 66 genera, and 86 species of vascular plants in the Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve. Among them, few species families with large quantities, a small amount of many species families, dominant genera are significant, and single species genera are rich, showed that the composition of plant species were simple, the main vegetation types were xerophytes and mesoxerophytes, the habitats were arid, complex and heterogeneous. Temperate distribution were main distribution types of families and genera of seed plants, and north temperate distribution was especially obvious, showed that the flora of seed plants in the study area has obvious transitional characteristics.(2) Four vegetation community types associations were identified in the Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve, with each group differing from the others in its community characteristics and habitats, indicated the plant communities were sparse and simple. The TWINSPAN classification results were in agreement with the DCA ordination findings, and showed that the soil water gradient was the main factor affecting plant community types in the study area.(3) Overall, the species diversity of plant community were low in general, the different layers of communities were less than the overall diversity, the herb layer were highest than those of layers, and which were significantly different among different communities, showed that the composition and structure of plant community was relatively simple, and were similar with desert vegetation. The variation trends of species diversity index in different communities and different layers of communities were similar to that of species evenness and species richness index, Calligonum arborescens - Alhagi sparsifolia + Agriophyllum squarrosum → Lycium ruthenicum - Tamarix chinensis + Phragmites communis → Phragmites communis + Typha angustifolia → Heleocharis wichurai + Scirpus strobilinus + Glaux maritima, and showed an increasing trend with the community changed, illustrated the composition of species and habitats were different in different community types. The similarity index indicated different plant communities holded high habitat heterogeneity, the ecosystem were diverse in the Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve.(4) The whole level of soil water content was low, and the soil nutrient contents were relatively high, both showed the same variable tendency in different communities, increased with increasing soil depth, and Heleocharis wichurai + Scirpus strobilinus + Glaux maritima community were highest than any other communities, The soil salt ions were also relatively low in different community types, in 0-20 cm soil depth were highest than other depths, and decreased with the increase of soil depth, showed salt ions accumulation in surface soil was significant in the area.(5) The results showed that the species richness index among plant community types were significantly correlated with soil water content in 0-60 cm soil depths, which suggested the surface soil water content were important among species richness of plant community. The species diversity index and soil nutrient contents had significant relationships, but could not show any regular, and the soil salt ions showed no significant relationships, indicating that the soil nutrients also had important influence on species diversity. CCA ordination and partial CCA clearly reflected soil factors were the most important factor affecting the distribution of plant communities, its nutrient contents and salt ions were the decisive factor.The measures of conservation and management were discussed in the DYNR. |
| 中文关键词 | 敦煌阳关自然保护区 ; 植物群落 ; 物种多样性 ; 数量生态学 ; 土壤特征 |
| 英文关键词 | The Dunhuang Yangguan Nature Reserve Plant community Species diversity Quantitative ecology Soil properties |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287935 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 代雪玲. 敦煌阳关自然保护区植物群落物种多样性研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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