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| 中国重要盐生植物内生真菌多样性与群落组成研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Diversity and Composition of Endophytic Fungal Community of Important Halophytes in China |
| 李家龙 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 郭良栋 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 内生真菌是指整个生活史或一段时期内定殖于植物组织内部，不表现出明显病害症状的真菌，具有丰富的多样性和重要的生态功能。盐生植物是指能够在200 mM附近NaCl或更高浓度盐碱环境中生存繁殖的植物，广泛分布于海岸带和荒漠生态系统中，主要包括红树林植物和荒漠盐生植物。然而，目前我们对盐生植物内生真菌的多样性知之甚少。因此，本论文以我国南方4种红树林植物及西北荒漠地区10种盐生植物为研究材料，通过内生真菌的分离培养，并采用形态与分子相结合的方法进行菌株鉴定，开展内生真菌的定殖率、多样性、群落组成研究。取得以下结果。广西北仑河口的蜡烛果(Aegiceras corniculatum)、海榄雌(Avicennia marina)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)红树林植物的枝条和叶片内生真菌研究结果表明，4种红树林植物具有相似的内生真菌总定殖率(24±10% – 33%±14%)；蜡烛果、海榄雌、木榄的枝条内生真菌定殖率(30±8.82% – 40±10%)显著高于叶片(6±3.5% – 25±11.12%)，而秋茄的枝条与叶片之间内生真菌定殖率无显著差异(20±10% – 30±8.82%)。结合形态特征和ITS分子数据，将所得到的301株内生真菌鉴定为36种，包括35种子囊菌和1种担子菌，其中优势真菌类群为Phomopsis、Phyllosticta、Xylaria、Leptosphaerulina和Pestalotiopsis。枝条的内生真菌物种多样性高于叶片，不同植物物种以及同种植物枝条和叶片间内生真菌群落组成有差异，并且部分内生真菌种类表现出了宿主和组织偏好性。从新疆古尔班通古特沙漠10种盐生植物的细根和茎中分离培养到1046株内生真菌，不同盐生植物的内生真菌总定殖率有显著差异(38.75±2.46% – 85.63±2.28%)，其中钠猪毛菜(Salsola nitraria)的内生真菌总定殖率显著高于除刺毛碱蓬(Suaeda acuminate)和沙漠绢蒿(Seriphidium santolinum)外的其他植物，刺毛碱蓬的内生真菌总定殖率显著高于小画眉草(Eragrostis minor)。六种植物根系的内生真菌定殖率(97.5±1.77% ? 62.5±8.94%)显著高于茎(7.5±3.33% – 33.75±3.55%)，而其它4种植物之间无显著差异。结合形态与ITS序列将内生真菌鉴定为36种，其中Alternaria burnsii、Monosporascus ibericus和Trematosphaeria sp.是优势种类。所有植物根(1.2±0.29 – 4±0.3)比茎(0.5±0.22 – 2.2±0.2)拥有更多的内生真菌种类，其中在7种植物上达到显著水平。内生真菌的群落组成受植物种类(R2 = 0.082, P = 0.001)和组织类型(R2 = 0.212, P = 0.001)的影响。植物-内生真菌偏好性分析显示，5种植物有显著的内生真菌偏好性，13种内生真菌有显著的植物偏好性，有29对植物-内生真菌表现出显著的配对关系。 |
| 英文摘要 | Endophytic fungi are living within plant organs in their life or for some time, without causing apparent harm to their host. Endophytic fungi have high diersity and important ecological functioning in natural ecosystems. Halophytes can survive and reproduce in high saline environment where the salt concentration is around 200 mM NaCl or more, and widely distribute in coastal and desert ecosystems, mainly including mangrove plants and desert halophytes. However, the endophytic fungal diversity of halophytes is less documented. In order to understand endophytic fungus colonization rate, diversity, and community composition, endophytic fungi were isolated from different plant tissues of four mangrove plants and ten desert halophytes in China, and identified using morphological characters and molecular data. The results were showed as follow.Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves and twigs of four mangrove plants: Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia candel in Beilun Estuary National Reserve of Guangxi, south China. The four mangrove species had similar overall endophyte colonization rate (24±10% – 33±14%). The endophyte colonization rate in stems of A.corniculatum, A. marina and B. gymnorrhiza (30±8.82% – 40±10%) was singnificantly higher than in leaf (6±3.5% – 25±11.12%), but no singnificance in K. candel (20±10% – 30±8.82%). Thirty-six endophytic fungal taxa were identified from the 301 strains based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequence, including 35 Ascomycota and 1 Basidiomycota, dominated by Phomopsis, Phyllosticta, Xylaria, Leptosphaerulina and Pestalotiopsis. The diversity of endophytic fungi was higher in twigs than in leaves in the four plant species, and the endophytic fungal community composition was different among host species and between leaf and twig in certain species. Some endophytic fungi showed host and tissue preference.A total of 1046 endophytic fungal strains were isolated from stem and root of ten halophytes in the Gurbantonggut desert, northwest China. The overall colonization rate of endophytic fungi ranged from 38.75±2.46% to 85.63±2.28% in the ten plants. This parameter was significantly higher in S. nitraria than other plants (except for S. acuminate and S. santolinum), and was significantly higher in S. acuminate than in E. minor. The colonization rate of endophytic fungi was singnificantly higher in roots (97.5±1.77% ? 62.5±8.94%) than in stems (7.5±3.33% – 33.75±3.55%) in six plants, but not singnificant in other four plants. The strains were identified to 36 taxa based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequence, dominated by Alternaria burnsii, Monosporascus ibericus, and Trematosphaeria sp. Roots harboured more endophytic fungal taxa (1.2±0.29 – 4±0.3) than stems (0.5±0.22 – 2.2±0.2) in all plants, and was singnificantly high in seven plants. The endophytic fungal community composition was affected by plant species (R2 = 0.082, P = 0.001) and tissue types (R2 = 0.212, P = 0.001). Host-fungus association preference analysis showed that 5 plant species (50%) showed significant preferences for endophytic fungi and 13 of the 36 endophytic fungi showed significant preferences for host species. In addition, a total of 29 pairs of plants and fungi were showed significantly preference. |
| 中文关键词 | 内生真菌 ; 盐生植物 ; 多样性 ; 群落组成 ; 偏好性 |
| 英文关键词 | Endophytic fungi Halophyte Diversity Community composition Preference |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 微生物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院微生物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287923 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李家龙. 中国重要盐生植物内生真菌多样性与群落组成研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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