Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 接种菌根菌剂对半干旱区主要造林树木生长的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Impacts of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum on growth of afforestation trees growing in semi-arid land |
| 张可可 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 蒋德明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着全球气候变化和人口不断的增加以及人类经营活动强度的提高所导致的沙尘暴、干旱、高温、土地退化与环境污染等生态问题的频繁发生，使得生物界遭受着前所未有的环境压力，而这些变化均会以直接或间接的方式危害着农林牧业的生产和发展。为此，人们积极探索恢复植被、维持生态平衡、提高环境安全性的新途径。菌根(mycorrhiza)是指菌根真菌（mycorrhizal fungi, MF）和植物根系形成的共生体，且菌根共生体系广泛的存在于自然界中。菌根具有促进植物根系对土壤水分、养分的吸收，从而改善宿主植物的水分和营养供应状况，促进其生长发育，增加宿主植物生物量并改善其品质的“生物肥料”能力；具有抵抗土传性病原物、抑制害虫，从而提高植物抗病性、减轻病虫危害的“生物农药”作用；同时还具有改善土壤结构和养分状况，修复退化土壤，从而提高土壤质量和健康状况的“生物土壤改良剂”功能。本研究以丛枝菌根菌剂(根内球囊霉，Glomus intraradices)和外生菌根菌剂(彩色豆马勃，Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) 2种菌剂为供试菌种，选取了半干旱区14个阔叶树种和5个针叶树种为供试植物，通过在该地区5个试验基地开展菌根化造林和菌根化育苗试验，重点分析接种菌根菌剂后，各种造林幼苗的菌根侵染率、形态学指标、生物量积累和分配与根际土壤养分在1-2个生长季内的变化。主要研究结果如下：（1）供试菌根菌剂能与各树种建立良好的共生关系，菌根侵染率增加，且不同树种和菌剂施用量菌根侵染率不同。造林树种菌根侵染率增加4%~57%；育苗树种菌根侵染率增加3%~33%。同时也发现，核桃根系无菌根真菌侵染。（2）接种供试菌根菌剂能促进植株的生长发育，显著增加供试树种的株高和基径。造林树种株高和基径分别提高3.6%~149.4%和12.3%~86.6%；育苗树种株高和基径分别提高14.2%~103.3%和28.2%~126.8%。（3）接种供试菌根菌剂能促进植株的生长发育，显著增加供试树种的输导根质量、吸收根质量、地上生物量、根系生物量和总生物量；一般情况下，接种内生菌根菌剂降低了阔叶树根冠比，接种外生菌根菌剂提高了针叶树根冠比。造林树种输导根质量、吸收根质量、地上生物量、根系生物量和总生物量依次提高47.4%~461.0%、28.5%~458.4%、26.9%~653.9%、52.4%~401.9%和28.2%~470.9%，造林树种菌根依赖性大小：皂角〉白柠条〉五角枫〉赤峰杨〉樟子松〉白蜡〉银中杨〉榆树〉国槐〉云杉〉大果榛子〉山竹岩黄耆〉文冠果〉沙枣；育苗树种的生物量依次提高79.1%~1783.3%、168.1%~638.1%、35.3%~583.3%、62.1%~666.7%和40.1%~547.2%，育苗树种菌根依赖性大小：斑克松〉文冠果〉赤松〉赤峰杨。（4）接种供试菌根菌剂能改善根际土壤的养分状况，显著增加供试树种根际土壤有机质和全氮含量。造林树种根际土壤有机质和全氮含量分别提高2.6%~56.7%和2.0%~47.0%；育苗树种根际土壤有机质和全氮含量分别提高10.8%~40.4%和28.8%~65.8%。 |
| 英文摘要 | With frequent sandstorm, drought, high temperature, soil degradation as well as environmental pollution ecological disasters caused by global change, increasing of population and the intensity of human activities, the biosphere is suffering unprecedented environmental pressure, and those changes will seriously affect the production and development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in a direct or indirect way. For this reason, people actively explore new methods of restoring vegetation, keeping ecological balance, and improving environmental safety. Mycorrhiza is a kind of symbiont formed by plant roots and Mycorrhizal fungi (MF). What’s more, Mycorrhizal fungi-plant roots system widely exists in the nature. Mycorrhiza possesses ‘Biological fertilizer’ abilities of improving host plants’ status of moisture and nutrition by absorbing more soil moisture and nutrients, promoting their growth and development, increasing their biomass and improving their quality; It also contains ‘Biopesticides’ ability of antagonizing soil borne pathogens and pests, improving plant’s disease resistance ability and reducing harm of sicks and insects; Moreover, it also has the ‘Biological soil conditioner’ function of improving soil structure and nutritional status, repairing soil degradation and improving soil quality and health condition.Because of things above, this study use two mycorrhizal fungi inoculums of Arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculum (Glomus intraradices) and Ectomycorrhizal inoculum (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) as test mycorrhizal fungus, and select fourteen kinds of broad-leaf tree species and five kinds of coniferous tree species in semi-arid area as test plants. The mycorrhizal experiments of afforestation and culturing seedlings in five test bases of this area were carried out to understand the influence of two mycorrhizal fungi inoculums on growth of nineteen kinds of afforestation seedlings. We calculated mycorrhizal colonization rate and morphological indicators，accumulation and allocation of biomass，and rhizosphere soil nutrition of seedlings across one growth season or two growth seasons. The main results were as follows:(1) Both mycorrhiza inoculums could produce good symbiosis with roots of 18 kinds of afforestation seedlings, mycorrhizal colonization rate increased and it was different in different tree species and doses of inoculum. The mycorrhizal colonization rate increased by 4%-57% in afforestation experiment and increased by 3%-33% in culturing seedlings experiment. It’s also found that the root of Juglans regia can’t be colonized.(2) Inoculation of the mycorrhiza inoculums could promote host afforestation seedlings’ growth and development, significantly increase the plant height and basal radium. The plant height and the basal radium increased by 3.6%-149.4% and 12.3%-86.6% in afforestation experiment and increased by 14.2%-103.3% and 28.2%-126.8% in culturing seedlings experiment. (3) Inoculation of the mycorrhiza inoculums could promote host afforestation seedlings’ growth and development, significantly increase the coarse root dry mass, fine root dry mass, aboveground biomass, root biomass and total biomass of seedlings; Normally, inoculation of the arbuscular mycorrhiza inoculum could decrease the root to shoot ratio of broad-leaf tree species, and inoculation of the Ectomycorrhizal inoculum could increase the root to shoot ratio of coniferous tree species. The coarse root dry mass, fine root dry mass, aboveground biomass, root biomass and total biomass of seedlings increased by 47.4%-461.0%, 28.5%-458.4%, 26.9%-653.9%, 52.4%-401.9% and 28.2%-470.9% in afforestation experiment, the order of mycorrhizal dependency: Gleditsia sinensis 〉Caragana Korshinskii Kom. 〉Acer mono Maxim 〉Populus×Xiaozhuanica 〉Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica 〉Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. 〉Poplus alba‘Berolinensis’ L. 〉Ulmus pumila L. 〉Sophora japonica Linn. 〉Picea asperata 〉Corylus heterophylla 〉Hedysarum fruticosum 〉Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge 〉Elaeagnus angustifolia Linn., and increased by 79.1%-1783.3%, 168.1%-638.1%, 35.3%-583.3%, 62.1%-666.7% and 40.1%-547.2% in culturing seedlings experiment, the order of mycorrhizal dependency: Pinus banksiana Lamb. 〉Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge 〉Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc 〉Populus×Xiaozhuanica. (4) Inoculation with the mycorrhiza inoculums on root of seedlings could also promote the nutritional status of rhizosphere soil, significantly increase the contents of organic matter and total nitrogen of rhizosphere soil. The contents of organic matter and total nitrogen of rhizosphere soil increased by 2.6%~56.7% and 2.0%~47.0% in afforestation experiment and increased by 10.8%~40.4% and 28.8%~65.8% in culturing seedlings experiment. |
| 中文关键词 | 造林 ; 育苗 ; 生长 ; 菌根侵染率 ; 菌根菌剂 ; 根际土壤 |
| 英文关键词 | afforestation culturing seedlings growth mycorrhizal colonization rate mycorrhizal fungi inoculation rhizosphere soil |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287904 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张可可. 接种菌根菌剂对半干旱区主要造林树木生长的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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