Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 不同生境中哺乳动物的碳、氮稳定同位素分布特征 | |
| 其他题名 | The distribution traits of stable carbon and nitrogen iotopes among mammals in different habitats |
| 谢璐 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 魏辅文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 稳定同位素分析技术在哺乳动物生态学研究上具有非常重要的地位，是动物食性分析、栖息地选择和生态位关系等研究的理想工具。动物通过摄食行为将食物的稳定同位素组成特征整合到自身组织当中，对动物组织的稳定同位素测定可得到该动物取食相关的特征。陆地上不同生境类型中植被的稳定同位素组成具有明显差异，动物组织的稳定同位素组成又总是与食物相关联，因此分析不同生境下哺乳动物的稳定同位素分布特征十分重要。在本研究中，对全国不同地理分区中多种哺乳动物的毛发进行碳、氮稳定同位素的测定，分析哺乳动物的稳定同位素比值在不同生境类型中的分布特征，同时探究不同类型的哺乳动物在食性选择、种间竞争及其营养生态位上的差异等。我们发现森林带中植食性动物的碳稳定同位素值 (δ13C=-22.8‰) 显著低于半干旱草原带 (δ13C=-20.9‰) 和干旱荒漠带 (δ13C=-21.5‰) (P=0.000)，氮在各区间无显著性差异，非植食动物 (杂食动物和食肉动物) 具有同样的规律。半干旱草原带和干旱荒漠带间的动物在碳、氮上皆无显著性差异。我们又将森林带细分为8类不同植被区域进行研究分析，得到阔叶林区域中兔科动物的δ13C相对针叶林区域显著富集5.4‰左右。高原山地寒温性、温性针叶林区域中牛科动物的δ13C比热带西部半湿润季雨林、雨林区域显著富集4.1‰左右。亚热带东部湿润常绿阔叶林区域和亚热带西部半湿润常绿阔叶林区域中鹿科、麝科、牛科、猴科动物在碳、氮稳定同位素组成上皆无显著性差异。非植食性动物并未出现统一规律。大熊猫和小熊猫的碳、氮稳定同位素结果显示二者在δ15N上存在极显著差异 (P=0.000)，小熊猫相对大熊猫显著富集1‰，但δ13C上无显著差异。经SIBER (Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R) 分析后，得到小熊猫的营养生态位是大熊猫的近3倍。说明小熊猫和大熊猫具有显著不同的食物源组成。对邛崃山系的大熊猫和小熊猫的营养生态位分析后，得到小熊猫的营养生态位略小于大熊猫，且二者具有一定的重叠区域。说明大熊猫和小熊猫在食物源组成上具有相同的部分，并且存在一定的竞争关系。 |
| 英文摘要 | Stable isotope analysis (SIA) has played an important role in the research of mammalian ecology and been proven to be an ideal tool for the study of the characteristics of animal’s diet, habitat environment and trophic niche. The isotopic compositions of food resources are integrated into animal bodies through foraging behavior, and the stable isotope determination of animal tissues offers the reference of characteristics of the animals’ forage. The stable isotope compositions of vegetations are significant different among habitats, and the stable isotope composition of animal tissues are always associated with their food. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the stable isotope of mammals distributed in different habitats. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were measured from hairs of various mammals in different geographical regions in China, and the distribution of stable isotope ratios of mammals in different habitats was analyzed. At the same time, feeding habits, interspecific competition and their nutritional niche differences were investigated in different types of mammals. The key results of my study are as follows:The stable carbon isotope of herbivores in humid and semi-humid forest biome (δ13C=-22.8‰) were significantly lower than that in the semi-arid steppe biome (δ13C=-20.9‰) and arid desert biome (δ13C=-21.5‰) (P=0.000). There is no significant difference of nitrogen isotope between each biome. Non-herbivorous (omnivorous and carnivores) had the same regularity. However, we didn’t find any significant difference in carbon and nitrogen isotopes between animals from semi-arid steppe biome and desert biome.The origins of hair samples from humid and semi-humid forest biome were assigned to eight different vegetation regions based on the Chinese vegetation regionalization. We found the δ13C of the rabbits from the broadleaf forest region enriched 5.4‰more than that from coniferous forest in average. And δ13C of the bovidae animals in western tropical monsoon rain forest or rain forest region enriched 4.1‰more than that in eastern subtropical humid evergreen broadleaf forest region in average. There were no significant differences in carbon and nitrogen isotopes between tissue of cervidae、herpestidae、bovidae and cercopithecidae from eastern subtrophic humid evergreen broadleaf forest region and western subtropical semihumid evergreen broadleaf forest region. Non-herbivorous animals did not appear to be uniform.We found there was a significant difference in δ15N between giant pandas and red pandas(P=0.000), and the red pandas δ15N enriched 1‰more than giant pandas in average, but there was no significant difference in δ13C. The δ13C and δ15N Bayesian ellipses showed that the trophic niche of the red panda was nearly three times wider than that of the giant panda, indicating that the red panda and giant panda had different food source compositions. The trophic niche of the red pandas was slightly narrower than that of the giant panda in the Qionglai Mountain where two pandas were sympatric. Meanwhile, the overlap of habitats occupied by two pandas indicated the similarity of their food resources and a competitive relationship. |
| 中文关键词 | 碳氮稳定同位素 ; 毛发角蛋白 ; 植被地理区划 ; 食性特征 ; 营养生态位 |
| 英文关键词 | stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes hair keratin vegetation regionalization diet characteristics trophic niche |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 动物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院动物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287885 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 谢璐. 不同生境中哺乳动物的碳、氮稳定同位素分布特征[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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