Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 内蒙古五种啮齿动物肾脏形态特征比较以及热中性区内长爪沙鼠的水代谢特征 | |
| 其他题名 | Renal morphology comparison of five rodent species in Inner Mongolia and the water metabolism characteristics of Mongolian gerbil acclimated in thermal neutral zone |
| 张梦 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 王德华 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 动物对环境的生理适应及其多样性一直是生理生态学和进化生理学研究的核心问题。陆地环境中多变的水分条件和环境温度条件极大的影响了哺乳动物生存、分布和繁殖。如何在变化的环境中维持水分平衡对陆生哺乳动物，尤其是温带干旱地区的小型啮齿类是很大的挑战。为理解内蒙古草原的啮齿动物对环境中水分条件的适应特点，本研究以主要分布于该地区的长爪沙鼠 (Meriones unguiculatus)、布氏田鼠 (Lasiopodomys brandtii)、小毛足鼠 (Phodopus roborovskii)、坎氏毛足鼠 (Phodopus campbelli) 和黑线仓鼠 (Cricetulus barabensis) 为研究对象，测定了5种动物肾脏形态学指标、肾单位密度指标和尿液渗透压等，比较分析了肾脏形态结构、功能以及与栖息地环境之间的关系。在此基础上，我们还通过短期和长期热中性区温度驯化，进一步研究了长爪沙鼠的水分代谢特征。获得的主要结果和结论如下：1、五种啮齿动物的肾脏髓质厚度，呈现从典型草原地区、半荒漠地区至荒漠和沙漠地区逐渐增加的趋势，干旱地区动物的尿液渗透压较高。五种动物的皮质肾单位密度无显著差异。近髓肾单位密度统计显示，黑线仓鼠大于小毛足鼠和坎氏毛足鼠，布氏田鼠与长爪沙鼠居中。啮齿动物的肾脏形态指数和组织学指数可以在一定程度上反映哺乳动物肾脏浓缩尿液的能力，标明不同物种可通过肾脏的形态或组织结构的调整，来应对环境的水热变化。2、在短期 (3小时) 热中性区温度驯化条件下，37oC驯化组的长爪沙鼠体重降低，体温升高，摄食量和饮水量未发生显著变化；肾脏重量升高，肺脏重量降低，舌下腺重量降低。27oC驯化组的动物体重、体温、摄食量、饮水量和各器官重量没有显著变化。热中性区温度 (27oC和37oC) 驯化条件下长爪沙鼠体水含量、体脂含量、血清渗透压和抗利尿激素浓度以及肾脏中AQP1和AQP2表达量未发生显著变化，这些数据标明肾脏尿液浓缩能力保持稳定。3、在长期 (21天) 热中性区温度驯化条件下，37oC驯化组的长爪沙鼠体重在第9天显著降低，体温降低。30oC条件下测定其静止代谢率下降，蒸发失水量与27oC和对照组相比无显著差异；肾脏重量降低，腮腺重量降低。27oC驯化组的动物体重、体温和各器官重量没有显著影响。长期热中性区温度(27oC和37oC)驯化条件下长爪沙鼠体水含量、体脂含量、血清渗透压和抗利尿激素浓度以及肾脏中AQP1和AQP2表达未发生显著变化，这些数据标明肾脏尿液浓缩能力保持稳定。综上所述，本研究明确了五种小型啮齿动物肾脏形态特征与其生存环境水分可利用性之间的关系，生活于内蒙古较干旱地区的小型啮齿动物，有较厚的肾髓质和较高的尿液浓缩能力。长爪沙鼠在我国北方分布较广，具有较宽的热中性区，且具有较高的尿液浓缩能力。在热中性区温度内，其主要通过改变蒸发失水策略，从而在较高温度下维持体内水分平衡，同时肾脏生理功能保持稳定。野外条件下不同季节和不同地区测定结果也标明，长爪沙鼠肾脏始终保持较强的节水能力。 |
| 英文摘要 | The study of physiological adaptation and diversity has been a central issue in ecological and evolutionary physiology. The environmental tuning of an animal’s physiology is responsible for allowing an organism to adjust to changing conditions.The changeable water conditions and temperatures of land environment greatly affect the survival, distribution and reproduction of mammals. How to maintain water balance in a changing environment is a significant challenge for mammals, especially for small rodents. To understand their adaptability for water hemeostasis, we compared the renal morphological index, nephron density and urine osmolality of 5 rodent species that distributed in the Inner Mongolia, they are Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii), Desert hamster (Phodopus roborovskii), Campbell’s hamster (Phodopus campbelli) and Striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis). In this study, we also compared the water balance characters of Monglian gerils that acclimationed in the TNZ (thermal neutral zone). The main results are as follows:1. The medulla thickness of kidney for 5 species of rodents change with their distribution area, from typical steppe region, semi-desert to desert regions, increase with the decrease of water availability. The urine osmolality are higher for arid rodents. There were no significant difference between the cortical nephron density for 5 rodent species and juxtamedullary nephron density showed opposite changes. These results suggest that renal morphology and histology index can be used to assess mammalian kidney urine concentration ability to a certain extent, kidney structure are flexible in response to environment variation.2. After short term acclimation in TNZ, 37 oC acclimation group gerbils’s body mass decreased, rectal temperature increased. The food intake and water intake of this group gerbils didn’t change. Heat exposure increased the kidney mass and decreased the lung mass and sublingual gland mass. 27 oC acclimation had no significant influence on the gerbils’ body mass, rectal temperature, water and food intake and organ mass. The body water content, body lipid content, serum osmolality, serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH), renal AQP1 and AQP2 expression of mogolian gerbil didn’t change after the acclimation.3. After long term acclimation in TNZ, 37 oC acclimation group gerbils’s body mass decreased in 6th day of acclimation, rectal temperature and rest metabolic rate (RMR) decreased. Heat exposure decreased the kidney mass and parotid gland mass of these gerbils. 27 oC acclimation had no significant influence on the gerbils’ body mass, rectal temperature and organ mass. The body water content, body lipid content, serum osmolality, serum antidiuretic hormone (ADH), renal AQP1 and AQP2 expression of mogolian gerbil didn’t change after the acclimation.In coclusion, this study indicate that the renal morphology variation of rodents are related to the habitat water utilizability. Little rodents that living in the arid or semiarid areas have more thicker medullar and can produce high concentrated urine. Mongolian gerbil are widely distributed in northern China and have evolved wide thermal neutral zone. As the laboratory experiment showed, Mogolian gerbil changed the evaporative water loss strategy so as to maintain water balance in the body at high temperatures.The results are in accordance with the field work about different seasons and different areas. Mongolian gerbils sowed a high ability for water conservation in kidney. |
| 中文关键词 | 长爪沙鼠 (Meriones unguiculatus) ; 布氏田鼠 (Lasiopodomys brandtii) ; 小毛足鼠 (Phodopus roborovskii) ; 坎氏毛足鼠 (Phodopus campbelli) ; 黑线仓鼠 (Cricetulus barabensis) ; 肾脏形态 ; 尿液渗透压 ; 热中性区 |
| 英文关键词 | Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) Brandt’s vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) Desert hamster (Phodopus roborovskii) Campbell’s hamster (Phodopus campbelli) Striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis) Renal morphology Rrine concentration ability Thermal neutral zone |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院动物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287881 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张梦. 内蒙古五种啮齿动物肾脏形态特征比较以及热中性区内长爪沙鼠的水代谢特征[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [张梦]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [张梦]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [张梦]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
