Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 中国主体功能区空间结构解析研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Analysis of the Spatial Structure of Major Function Oriented Zones in China |
| 王亚飞 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 樊杰 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 中国主体功能区作为一张综合展示未来中国国土开发与保护格局的前景图，实际上是城市化地区、农业发展地区和生态安全地区三者按照一定法则和规律构成并演化着，维持着中国国土开发的有序性。不同功能区的合理组织被认为是实现区域有序发展的重要途径，也蕴含着丰富的科学内涵和政策内涵。与产业结构一样，主体功能区空间结构同样能产生或影响经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。本文破解的关键科学问题就是解析主体功能区这张图的空间结构特征，以城市化地区、农业发展地区和生态安全地区三者的比例关系定量化表达不同层面空间结构的集聚特征、空间分异及拓扑结构等，并解析这些结构与自然基础条件、社会经济发展之间的关系。本文从中国主体功能区划“一张图”出发，探索主体功能区空间结构的理论内涵，综合运用GIS空间统计与分析方法、空间数据挖掘、空间图谱分析以及景观形态学分析方法，分别测度以全国尺度为主的空间梯度结构、以省域尺度为主并考虑全国尺度的点-轴-面结构、以县域为主并考虑省域尺度的空间镶嵌结构的结构特征，并从自然地理空间分异、社会经济组织和区域空间联系等方面解析各类型的主导因素。对以上三个主体功能区空间结构特征的测度，主要有以下三个发现：（1）主体功能区存在空间梯度结构，突出地表现为经纬度分带梯度、海陆距离梯度、垂直距离梯度以及东中西的板块梯度。城市化地区比重与纬度、到海岸线距离、垂直高度呈负向相关，与经度呈正向相关，生态安全地区恰恰相反。城市化地区比重排序末位的10个省份中，有7个省份的生态安全地区比重中排在前10位。城市化比重高的省份往往沿海岸线分布，生态安全地区比重高的省份沿大小兴安岭-太行山脉-秦岭-青藏高原-云贵高原一线分布，城市化地区、农业发展地区和生态安全地区面积比重的东中西梯度分别为3.70:1.54:1、1.48:1.28:1、1:1.86:2.25。（2）主体功能区存在点-轴-面空间结构，突出地表现为点-轴和核心-边缘的空间结构特征。点-轴特征包括：随着距离轴线越远，城市化地区比重越低、生态安全地区越高；轴线等级越高，距离轴线的初始度量距离内城市化比重越高、生态安全比重越低，且相同距离内城市化比重减少的越快。中西部地区省域轴线受地形的约束较大，往往沿着大山脉的走向布局，以东西走向为主；东部平原地区，以南北轴向为主。与两横三纵进行对比分析表明，内陆地区省域轴线的吻合程度要优于沿海地区，纵向轴线的吻合程度高于横向轴线。各个省域普遍存在核心-边缘结构，中西部地区以单核心为主，沿海地区普遍存在多个多核心，边缘的走向与主要地形的分界线相吻合，几乎所有的生态安全地区被指向为边缘地区，但各省核心与边缘的差异较大。综合核心与边缘特征、以及核心与边缘的差距，全国省域可以分为单核心缓和型、单核心中间型、单核心剧变型、多核心缓和型、多核心剧变型等五种类型。（3）主体功能区存在空间镶嵌结构，突出地表现为空间异质性和空间关联性特征。中国青藏高原、西北干旱区、蒙古高原等地区，以生态安全地区为主导，连片度最高，破碎度较小；东部平原和东南丘陵地区，以城市化和农业发展地区为主导；城市化主导的区域差异较大，东部沿海相对发达、发展相对均衡的区域连片度最好，破碎度也较高，中部平原地区地区连片度较差，破碎度较高，中西部地区盆地相对紧凑，连片度较好，破碎度较低，而中西部位于山前地带区域往往连片度较差，破碎度也较高。城市化地区之间空间邻接较多的区域主要分布在相对发达的东部平原地区和中西部盆地地区，以京津冀、长三角、珠三角和成渝地区等城市群地区为典型；城市化地区与农业发展地区的空间邻接较多的区域往往是发展相对落后的平原或盆地地区，以东北平原地区、华北平原、准格尔盆地为典型；而城市化地区与生态安全地区空间邻接较多的区域往往受地形约束较大，主要分布在西部大山脉山前地带区域以及东南丘陵地区。从自然地理空间分异、社会经济空间组织、区域空间联系三个维度解析主体功能区空间结构，结果表明：在全国尺度上，自然地理环境处于主导地位，纬度分带梯度由热力地带性主导，经度和海陆距离梯度由干湿地带性主导，垂直地带性和东中西的板块梯度由大地构造的地形地貌主导；省域尺度上，自然地理环境为基本约束，社会经济发展的影响逐渐显现，自然地理环境约束越弱的区域，社会经济发展的影响愈加显著，如西部地区的省域点-轴和核心-边缘受主要地理界线影响较大，东部平原地区的点-轴和核心-边缘受现有的城镇体系结构、社会经济的布局及已有的社会经济组织方式有关；在中尺度范围内，自然环境、社会经济以及区域之间的相互作用的叠加效应愈加显现，自然地理环境具有区域差异的客观特征，经济社会活动的空间指向性、不同区域之间的联系强度同样存在差异，并且生态系统、生产系统还是社会系统都存在着潜在的最优规模，这些均是主体功能区空间结构的主要影响因素。 |
| 英文摘要 | China’s Major Function Oriented Zoning, a prospective blueprint comprehensively displaying the country’s future setup of land development and protection, actually tells how urbanized areas, agricultural development areas and ecological security areas assemble and evolve together to maintain the territorial development order in China, just in accordance with certain principles and rules. Reasonable arrangement of different function-oriented zones is deemed to be a significant path to achieve orderly regional development, implying abundant connotations of science and policy. The spatial structure of Major Function Oriented Zoning can produce or affect economic, social and ecological benefits just as industrial structure does. The paper aims to tackle the key scientific problem to analyze the spatial structure features of the Major Function Oriented Zoning map. Moreover, it further analyze the relationship between various dimensions of the spatial structure and basic natural conditions, socio-economic development based on the quantitative expression of their aggregating features, spatial differentiation and topology structure by demonstrating the proportion of the three area types. The paper explores the theoretical connotation of the spatial structure of Major Function Oriented Zoning in China, starting from the “one map” of its zoning plan. With integrated application of such approaches as GIS spatial statistic and analytical method, spatial data mining, spatial map analysis and landscape morphological analysis, the research measured the structural characteristics of three structures: the spatial gradient structure primarily on the countrywide scale, the pole-axis-surface structure primarily on the provincial scale with appropriate consideration of the national scale, and the mosaic structure mainly on the county scale with proper consideration of the countrywide scale. Based on all those results, the paper analyses the dominant factors for every area type in terms of physic-geographical environment, socio-economic development and spatial links between the regions and more. The measurement of the spatial structure features of the above three major function-oriented areas help conclude the following three findings:(1) In the Major Function Oriented Zoning, there lie several spatial gradient structures, prominently in the forms of latitude-longitude zonal gradient, sea-land distance gradient, vertical distance gradient and the east-central-west plate gradient. For instance, the proportion of urbanized areas is negatively correlated with the latitude, the distance from shoreline and the vertical height, while being positively correlated with the longitude. However, it conforms to the contrary as for the ecological security areas. Among the top ten provinces with the lowest proportions of urbanized areas, seven are also in the top ten list of the highest proportions of ecological security areas. It is found that the provinces with relatively high proportions of urbanized areas tend to sit along the coastlines, whereas those with higher proportion of ecological security areas tend to distribute along the belt from Greater and Lesser Hinggan Mountains, Taihang Mountains, Qinling Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The east-central-west gradients of area ratios are (3.70: 1.54: 1), (1.48: 1.28: 1), (1: 1.86: 2.25) respectively for the urbanized areas, the agricultural development areas and the ecological security areas in China. (2) In the Major Function Oriented Zoning, there exists a pole-axis-surface spatial structure, prominently presented as pole-axis and core-periphery features of the spatial structure. The pole-axis feature includes: the further off the axis, the lower proportion of urbanized areas and the higher proportion of ecological security areas; the higher level of the axis, the higher proportion of urbanized areas in the initial gauging distance away from the axis, and the faster the urbanized proportion reduces within a given distance. In the central and western regions, their regional axes are largely constrained by local terrain features and often extend along mountain range alignments, most of which run east west; the eastern regions of plains are dominated by north-south axes. By comparing it with the Urbanization Strategy of Two Latitudinal and Three Longitudinal Lines, the analysis shows that the regional axes align better with each other in the inland than in the coastal areas, and the alignment of longitudinal axes is better than that of the latitudinal axes. Aside from that, the core-periphery structure can be found in almost every provincial region. Single-core structures dominate the central and western regions while multi-core structures spread across the coastal areas. As their peripheries run along the dividing line of major terrain, almost all ecological security areas are indicated as peripheral in their corresponding structures. However, the core-periphery combinations greatly differ between provinces. By studying the features of and gaps between each core and periphery, the paper categorizes provincial areas into five typical groups: single-core moderate structure, single-core intermediate structure, single-core intense structure, multi-core moderate structure and multi-core intense structure.(3) In the Major Function Oriented Zoning, there exists mosaic structures, prominently featured by spatial heterogeneity and spatial correlation. In Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the northwest arid area, Mongolian plateau and other regions alike, where ecological security areas are dominant, the highest contiguity degrees as well as the lowest fragmentation rates are found; in the eastern plain areas and southeastern hilly areas, urbanized and agricultural development areas take the lead; Urbanization-intense areas vary to a great extent: the developed coastal areas with minimum imbalance of development along the east coast of China demonstrate the best contiguity degrees together with higher fragmentation rates; in the central plain area, the contiguity degrees are found poor and the fragmentation rates high; in the central and western regions, relatively compact basin areas show better contiguity degrees and lower fragmentation rates whereas the mountainous areas are found with worse contiguity degrees and higher fragmentation rates. The regions with large spatial neighborhood between urbanized areas are mainly distributed in the developed eastern plain areas and the central and western basin areas, typified by Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing city-agglomeration regions; the regions with large spatial neighborhood between urbanized areas and agricultural development areas are often labeled as underdeveloped plain or basin areas, represented by the northeastern plains, North China Plain and Junggar Basin; and the regions where the urbanized areas and the ecological security areas are more adjacent to each other tend to be more constrained by the local terrain, mainly distributed in the piedmont areas of western mountains and the southeastern hilly areas in China. Based on the analysis of three different dimensions, physic-geographical spatial differentiation, socio-economic organizational structure and regional spatial relations, the research result shows: 1) on the countrywide scale, the dominance of the physic-geographical environment can be explained in three aspects, including the latitudinal zonal gradients dominated by the thermal zonality, the longitudinal zonal and sea-land distance gradients determined by dry-wet zonality, and the vertical zonal and east-central-west plate gradients dominated by terrain and topography of tectonic structure; 2) on the regional scale, physic-geographical environment is the fundamental constraint when the impact of socio-economic development gradually emerges. As the weaker such constraint a region endures, the more significantly the local socio-economic development affect the region. For example, the regional pole-axis and core-periphery structures are more influenced by primary geographical borders in the western regions, while in the eastern plain areas, the pole-axis and core-periphery structures are more relevant to the socio-economic development level and socio-economic plan; 3) The interaction between the natural environment, socio-economy and regional communication produces superimposed effects that is increasingly obvious. The physic-geographical environment, the spatial orientation of economic and social activities and the intensity of inter-regional connections are all different. And there exists a potentially optimized scale for each of the three systems, namely ecology, production and society. All those factors lead to the spatial structure of the main functional Major Function Oriented Zones. |
| 中文关键词 | 空间结构 ; 主体功能区 ; 地域功能 ; 空间解析 |
| 英文关键词 | spatial structure Major Function Oriented Zoning territorial function spatial analysis |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287873 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王亚飞. 中国主体功能区空间结构解析研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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