Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 北京市奥林匹克中心区居住建筑碳排放研究 | |
| 其他题名 | THE STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CARBON EMISSION IN BEIJING OLYMPIC CENTRAL AREA |
| 徐晨 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 李宇 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文对已有城市居住建筑能耗与二氧化碳排放的研究进行了系统和客观的整理和评述，总结了居住建筑能耗与二氧化碳排放研究的定义与边界、国内外建筑能耗和碳排放的分类和估算方法。深入调研了北京市奥林匹克中心区国奥村、风林绿洲、南沙滩小区、科学园南里三区、科学园南里四区、科学园南里五区等六个居住区的居住能耗与碳排放情况。在考虑居住建筑物理结构以及供暖、制冷、生活热水供应的同时，扩展分析了居民日常生活行为数据，并将数据合理编制成建筑内部家用电器设备、灯具的适用情况表以及炊事、人员在室、设备使用、灯具照明等时间表替代常规标准规范数据时间表，并通过引入实时监测的数据替代标准气候文件数据，本地化改进国际能耗模型eQUEST，提高了居住建筑能耗模拟模型的精度。本文根据北京市“三步节能”将案例区居住建筑划分为1980年代、1990年代、2000-2004年、2005年以后四类建筑。又根据不同年代居住建筑建筑高度、内部户型大小、建筑结构等，将案例区建筑分为8种类型，并分别选取代表建筑进行eQUEST建模模拟。通过二氧化碳排放系数，核算8类建筑在2015年7月至2016年6月时间内逐月的各类电力能耗、天然气能耗及其二氧化碳排放量。结果表明：（1）案例区总体居住建筑二氧化碳排放为88036.49t，其中电力能耗二氧化碳排放量为69151.45t，天然气能耗二氧化碳排放量为18885.04t；（2）单位建筑面积二氧化碳排放平均值为83.30 kg/（㎡·a），除去供热、公共电梯运行产生的二氧化碳排放为57.86 kg/（㎡·a），低于2008-2009年北京市居住建筑单位面积二氧化碳排放水平。其中电力能耗二氧化碳排放为59.17 kg/（㎡·a），天然气能耗二氧化碳排放为24.13kg/（㎡·a）；（3）家用电器设备运行、供热、空间制冷、电梯运行、生活热水、照明、风机运行、炊事用气、水泵分别占单位面积二氧化碳排放总量的35%、24%、16%、9%、5%、4%、3%、2%、2%。通过对比分析，案例区居住建筑二氧化碳排放具有以下4个特征：①家用电器设备在家庭二氧化碳排放中比重最大。②较早年代建设建筑的供暖与制冷二氧化碳排放多。③高层建筑居住建筑二氧化碳排放量较低，公共部分二氧化碳排放占总量的比例较大。④生活热水、家庭照明、炊事、风机、水泵等二氧化碳排放对总量的变化影响较小。对案例区居住建筑内部家庭二氧化碳排放的影响因素进行了分析并建立模型，选取19项影响因素，而内部户型、建筑高度、人均建筑面积、居住人数与用电时长五项因素进入了最终模型。其中内部户型与建筑高度是负向影响因素，说明小户型建筑与高层建筑二氧化碳排放更低，其他三项为正向影响因素，说明人均建筑面积越大二氧化碳排放量越大，居住人数越多二氧化碳排放量越大，用电时长越长二氧化碳排放量越大。针对案例区居住建筑能耗与碳排放研究结果。论文提出了居住建筑节能减排的建议：①注重对年代久远建筑围护结构性能的升级改造；②注重新能源、节能技术的在居住建筑中的使用与推广；③居住者对于节能家用电器的选择与使用、更新换代，控制家用电器使用时长，并加强节能意识的建议；④适当发展高层建筑，注重高层建筑公共部分节能减排；⑤适当鼓励小户型建筑。 |
| 英文摘要 | This paper made a systematic and objective collation and review of research on city residential building energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, summarized the residential building energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of the definition and boundary, the domestic and foreign building energy consumption and carbon emissions classification and estimation methods. Energy consumption and carbon emissions of six residential districts：the Olympic Village, Fenglinlvzhou, Nanshatanxiaoqu, kexueyuannanliⅢ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ were surveyed in the Olympic central area，Beijing. In considering the physical structure of the residential building and heating, refrigeration and hot water supply, we made an extended analysis of the daily life of residents of behavioral data, and the data was compiled into the application of reasonable construction within the household electrical appliance, lighting and cooking, instead of the conventional standard data in the room, lighting and other equipment, schedule, and standard climate file data by introducing alternative real-time monitoring data, improved the international energy localization model of Equest and the accuracy of the simulation model of energy consumption of residential building.In this paper, according to the age of the building construction, building structure, including the type of building elements, buildings in case area were divided into 8 types, and the representative buildings were selected to be simulated by eQUEST. Through the carbon dioxide emission coefficient, accounting for the 8 types of buildings in July 2015 to the time of the month in the month of all types of energy consumption, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions of natural gas.The results showed that: (1) The total carbon dioxide emissions of the residential buildings in the case area was 88036.49t, of which the energy consumption of carbon dioxide was 69151.45t, the energy consumption of natural gas was 18885.04t; (2) The average carbon dioxide emissions per unit of building area was 83.30 Kg/(㎡·a), and the carbon dioxide emissions from the operation of the public elevator were 57.86 kg/(㎡·a), which was lower than the level of carbon dioxide emissions per unit area of residential buildings in Beijing from 2008 to 2009. (3) household appliances and equipment operation, heating, space cooling, elevator operation, life heat, Water, lighting, fan operation, cooking gas and water pumps respectively accounted for 35%, 24%, 16%, 9%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% and 2% of total carbon dioxide emissions per unit area.Through the comparative analysis, We discovered the following four characteristics of the carbon dioxide emissions in residential buildings in the case area: (1) Household electrical appliances had the largest proportion in household carbon dioxide emissions. (2) Early construction of the building heating and cooling carbon dioxide emissions were higher. (3) high-rise building residential building carbon dioxide emissions were lower, the public part of the proportion of carbon dioxide emissions accounted for a larger proportion. (4) Domestic hot water, home lighting, cooking, fans, pumps and other carbon dioxide emissions on the total changes in the impact of smaller features.This paper analyzed the influencing factors of carbon dioxide emission in the residential buildings of the case area and established the model, and selected 19 influencing factors. The internal unit, the building height, the per capita construction area, the number of residents, five factors of electricity consumption entered the final model. Which the internal unit and building height were negative impact factors, indicating that small units and high-rise building carbon dioxide emissions lower, the other three for the positive impact factors, indicating that the larger the per capita construction area of carbon dioxide emissions, the greater the number of people living in carbon dioxide The greater the amount of emissions, the longer the longer the duration of electricity, the greater the amount of carbon dioxide emissions.The paper put forward the suggestions for energy saving and emission reduction of residential buildings. ① focus on the performance of envelope upgrade of old buildings; ② focus on new energy, energy-saving technology in the use of residential buildings and promotion; ③ residents of energy-saving appliances for the selection and use, replacement, control of household appliances use time, and To strengthen the awareness of energy-saving recommendations; ④ appropriate development of high-rise buildings, focusing on high-rise building public part of energy-saving emission reduction; ⑤ appropriate to encourage small apartment buildings. |
| 中文关键词 | 北京 ; 奥林匹克中心 ; 区居住建筑 ; 二氧化碳排放 ; eQUEST能耗模拟 |
| 英文关键词 | Beijing Olympic Center residential building carbon dioxide emissions eQUEST simulation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然资源学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287870 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 徐晨. 北京市奥林匹克中心区居住建筑碳排放研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
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