Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黄土高原丘陵沟壑生态功能区生态系统对生态补偿的响应研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Response of ecosystem to eco-compensation in the ecological functional area of Hilly and gully region of Loess Plateau |
| 余付勤 | |
| 出版年 | 2017 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 鲁春霞 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 长期以来，黄土高原地区是我国乃至世界上水土流失最严重、生态最脆弱的地区。2010年该地区部分县市划定为黄土高原丘陵沟壑水土保持生态功能区，成为国家重点生态功能区转移支付的重要地区。本研究以此重点生态功能区为研究对象，以生态系统空间格局、质量和典型生态服务功能的关键指标变化，来分析在生态补偿政策驱动下该地区生态系统时空格局变化，并对不同生态补偿情景下生态系统响应情况进行分析与模拟，对于开展生态系统的保育，建立可持续的生态补偿激励机制具有重要意义。研究的主要结论如下：（1） 根据研究区生态系统特点，利用生态系统类型动态度、生态系统类型转移矩阵来表征生态系统空间格局；利用植被覆盖度，净初级生产力来表征生态系统质量状况；选取土壤保持、水源涵养作为表征该地区生态系统服务功能的指标，并基于生态系统服务价值对生态系统服务功能进行量度。（2） 2000～2014年间，研究区内森林生态系统动态度最大，面积共增加了1340 km2，动态度为1.15%，其次为人工用地和耕地，耕地面积共减少了1451 km2，动态度为-0.32%。这一时段内，研究区生态系统类型之间的转化主要为耕地与林地、草地之间的转化，以及荒漠向林地、草地的转化。（3） 2000～2014年间，研究区植被覆盖度、净初级生产力（NPP）增长明显，尤其是研究区的中东部地区，植被盖度提升了一个等级；土壤侵蚀模数呈下降趋势，土壤保持量略有增加，水源涵养量增加，生态系统服务功能明显改善，其中生态系统服务价值中价值量最大的为固碳释氧，其次为土壤保持价值。（4） 通过将气候要素的多年平均状况下指标的变化率与实际状况下指标的变化率相比，得出生态补偿对生态系统响应的贡献率。结果表明，生态补偿对于土壤侵蚀模数的下降、土壤保持量和水源涵养量的增加均具有很大的贡献率，说明生态补偿政策是引起生态系统状况的好转的主导因素。（5） 以退耕还林还草工程为例，对不同补偿情景下生态系统对生态补偿的响应情况进行模拟，结果表明：相比于目前的低限补偿，适度补偿和高限补偿情景下该地区生态系统服务价值均有较大提升，且高限补偿情况下生态价值量最高。 |
| 英文摘要 | For a long time, the Loess Plateau region is the most serious and fragile area on soil erosion in China and even in the world. In 2010, some counties of this area have been designated as the ecological function of soil and water conservation in loess hilly-gully area, becoming an important area of national key ecological function of transfer payments. This study chose key factors of the ecosystem structure, quality and ecological service function, to analysis the spatial and temporal change driven by eco-compensation in the region, and simulated the response of the ecosystem under different eco-compensation scenarios. This is of great significance for the conservation of ecosystems and the establishment of a sustainable incentive mechanism for ecological compensation.The main conclusions are as follows:(1) According to the characteristics of the ecological environment of the study area, the research choose the ecosystem dynamic index and the transfer matrix of different ecosystem types to characterize the macro structure of ecosystem; the vegetation coverage, the net primary productivity to the quality of the ecosystem; soil and water conservation to the region ecosystem service function, and the ecological service is measured by the ecosystem service value.(2) From 2000 to 2014, the dynamic index of the forest ecosystem is the largest compared with other stypes, a total area of 1340 km2 increase, and the dynamic degree is 1.15%, followed by artificial land and arable land. The farmland’s area is decreased by 1451 km2, and its dynamic degree is -0.32%. During this period, the transformation of ecosystem types in the study area is mainly the conversion of farmland to woodland or grassland, as well as the conversion of desert to woodland and grassland.(3) From 2000 to 2014, the coverage of the vegetation and the net primary productivity (NPP) increased significantly, especially in the eastern region, where the vegetation coverage has improved a grade. Meanwhile, the soil erosion modulus has decreased, and soil retention has increased slightly.The water conservation also has increased obviously, so that the ecosystem service function has been improved.Among the ecosystem service value, the greatest is fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, then the value of keeping soil.(4) By comparing the change rate under the average climate condition with the change rate in the actual situation, the contribution rate of ecological compensation to the ecosystem response is obtained. The results have shown that the ecological compensation have great contribution to the increasing amount of soil and water conservation and the decreasing soil erosion modulus, meaning that the ecological compensation policy is the dominant factor in causing the ecosystem’s improvement.(5) Taking the reforestation project as an example, the study simulate the response of ecosystem to different compensation situation.And the results show that: compared to the lower limit of compensation current,the ecosystem service value have both greatly improved with appropriate compensation and higher level compensation, and the ecological value is the highest in the condition of the highest level of ec o-compensation. |
| 中文关键词 | 生态补偿 ; 生态系统响应 ; 黄土高原 ; 生态系统服务功能 |
| 英文关键词 | ecological compensation ecosystem response Loess Plateau ecosystem service function |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然资源学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287866 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 余付勤. 黄土高原丘陵沟壑生态功能区生态系统对生态补偿的响应研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2017. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [余付勤]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [余付勤]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [余付勤]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
