Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 鄂尔多斯高原三种葱属植物种子休眠和萌发特性与环境的关系 | |
| 其他题名 | Seed dormancy and germination characteristics of three Allium species (Liliaceae) and their adaptation to the environment in Ordos Plateau |
| 李蕾蕾 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 黄振英 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文以在我国北方半干旱区鄂尔多斯高原广泛分布的三种葱属植物蒙古韭(Allium mongolicum)、碱韭(A.polyrhizum)和细叶韭(A.tenuissimum)为研究对象，比较研究了三种葱属植物种子的特性，分析种子休眠和萌发对半干旱环境的适应性特征的异同性。通过研究(1)温度、光照和干燥储藏等处理对种子萌发的影响，探究三种葱属植物种子萌发的生理生态学特性，确定种子休眠类型；(2)通过对种子进行冷、暖层积和Move-along实验，研究种子休眠释放和环境温度的关系；(3)通过种子的野外埋藏实验，揭示三种葱属植物种子野外休眠动态变化和休眠循环特点。主要研究结果如下： 1.蒙古韭、碱韭和细叶韭的新成熟种子萌发率较低，存在休眠现象，但是休眠程度不同，表现在种子的萌发对光照和环境温度具有不同的响应。三种葱属植物种子均属于非深度生理休眠的第Ⅲ类型，表现在种皮透水性好，种胚的生长势较弱，划破种皮处理和干燥储藏都可以显著提高三种葱属植物种子的萌发率。但是，三种种子的生理状态也具有差异性，赤霉素可以显著提高碱韭种子萌发率，但对蒙古韭和细叶韭种子萌发无显著作用。 2. 三种葱属植物种子休眠释放和环境温度具有显著关系。暖层积对种子休眠的释放具有重要作用，但低温层积效果不明显。5个月的暖层积可以显著促进蒙古韭和细叶韭种子萌发，碱韭可能需要更长时间的层积来释放种子休眠。Move-along实验表明，5个月的冷暖交替层积对蒙古韭和细叶韭种子休眠释放具有一定影响，其中暖-冷-暖交替层积对种子萌发的促进作用显著大于冷-暖-冷交替层积的作用。 3. 在野外埋藏条件下，三种葱属植物种子都随季节温度变化呈现出休眠释放/诱导的规律性变化，但这种变化随物种不同呈现出差异性，不同土壤埋藏深度也对种子休眠释放具有一定程度的影响。在季节性温度变化条件下，碱韭种子表现出明显的休眠/状态性休眠的循环特点；蒙古韭和细叶韭种子则一直处于状态性休眠状态，但在春夏季种子休眠释放程度高，在秋冬季休眠释放程度低。此外，从0-5 cm，种子埋藏越深，其休眠程度的变化随季节温度变化的幅度越小。 三种葱属植物种子休眠和萌发特性对温带半干旱区的环境表现出了一定的相似性和差异性，表明同一地区即使是同属植物对相同气候条件不同微环境适应方式具有多样性。该研究为深入理解温带半干旱区植物在种子阶段对环境所采用的适应策略提供了案例支持，丰富和完善了区域植物的对策理论。 |
| 英文摘要 | Seed traits and the adaptation of seed dormancy and germination to semi-arid environments in Allium mongolicum, A. polyrhizum and A. tenuissimum widely distributed in Ordos Plateau of northern China were compared. We investigated the effects of temperature, light and dry storage on seed germination, to explore the ecophysiological characteristics of seed germination of the three Allium species and to identify seed dormancy types. Furthermore, we studied the effects of cold and warm stratification and move-along treatment to determine the relationships between seed dormancy release and environmental temperature. In addition, , we examined seed dormancy dynamics and dormancy cycles of the three Allium species in the natural habitat by seed burial experiments in the field. The main results showed as follows:\n 1. Germination percentages of fresh matured seeds of A. mongolicum, A. polyrhizum and A. tenuissimum were low, indicating that all three species had seed dormancy. However, the differences in germination responses to light and temperature regimes indicated the variances of seed dormancy status in the three species. Fresh matured seeds of the three Allium species all had type III of non-deep physiological dormancy, because they had permeable seed coat but weak growth potential of seed embryo, and scarification of seed coat and dry storage significantly improved seed germination percentage. However, seed physiological characteristics were different among the three species. Although GA3 could significantly increase seed germination of A. polyrhizum, it had no effect on seed germination of A. mongolicum and A. tenuissimum. \n 2. Seed dormancy release of the three Allium species had close relationship with environmental temperatures. Warm stratification enhanced seed dormancy release, while cold stratification had no such effect. Warm stratification for five months could improve seed germination of A. mongolicum and A. tenuissimum rather than A. polyrhizum. Move-along experiments for five months could promote seed dormancy release of A. mongolicum and A. tenuissimum, but it had no effect on seed dormancy of A. polyrhizum. Warm-cold-warm move-along stratification had greater effect on seed dormancy release than cold-warm-cold move-along stratification.\n 3. After buried in the field, seeds of the three Allium species showed regular changes in releasing/inducing seed dormancy with seasonal temperature, but these dynamics were different among species. Different burial depths in soil had effect on seed dormancy release. Under seasonal temperature change, seeds of A. polyrhizum showed obvious dormancy/conditional dormancy cycling, while seeds of A. mongolicum and A. tenuissimum had been in the state of conditional dormancy, with higher dormancy release in spring and summer and lower dormancy release in autumn and winter. At the soil depth of 0-5 cm, the change of seed dormancy state with seasonal temperature decreased with the increase of soil burial depth. \nSeed dormancy and germination among the three Allium species responded both similarly and differently to the environment in semi-arid areas, indicating that species in the same genus adapt diversely to the similar environment in the same region. Our research enriched the strategy theory of regional plants by providing a case study for deeply understanding the adaptive strategy in the seed stage of plants in temperate semi-arid areas. |
| 中文关键词 | 种子萌发 ; 生理休眠 ; 休眠释放 ; 休眠循环 ; 生态适应性 |
| 英文关键词 | seed germination physiological dormancy dormancy release dormancy cycle ecological adaptation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287823 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李蕾蕾. 鄂尔多斯高原三种葱属植物种子休眠和萌发特性与环境的关系[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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