Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 气候变暖对荒漠草原植物叶片功能性状的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of climate warming on leaf functional traits in a desert steppe |
| 于鸿莹 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 许振柱 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 近年来，气候变化的负面影响和土地的不当利用导致草原荒漠化加剧，引发了许多严重环境灾害，使得对荒漠植被及其对环境变化响应的研究更加急迫。但是，目前对荒漠植被叶经济谱的研究甚少，尤其是在气候变暖情境下的研究则更少。本研究以内蒙古荒漠草原为实验样地，采用野外调查以及红外增温模拟气候变暖(设置不增温、中度增温、重度增温三个处理)两种实验手段，对植物叶片的光合作用及叶绿素荧光参数、比叶面积、叶片氮含量进行了测定，以验证荒漠草原植物叶经济谱的存在，明确植物叶片性状间的关系及不同植物功能类型在叶经济谱上的位置，阐明增温对内蒙古荒漠草原主要物种叶经济谱的影响。结果表明：1. 荒漠草原生态系统的不同植物功能类型间叶片性状差异明显，草本植物的比叶面积(SLA)、基于质量的叶氮含量(Nmass)分别是灌木的2.39、1.20倍；一年生植物的基于面积的最大净光合速率(Aarea)、SLA、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)分别是多年生植物的1.93、2.13、4.24倍；C4植物的Aarea、SLA、PNUE分别是C3植物的2.25、1.73、3.61倍。2. 重度增温(0-10 cm土壤温度增加3.15 °C；0-20 cm土壤含水量减少33.6%)减小了叶片的Aarea、SLA、PNUE、Nmass以及Amass。其中，对照 (不增温) 处理中的Aarea、SLA、PNUE分别是重度增温的2.30倍、1.16倍、2.63倍。增温后，三个物种PNUE均不断下降，更加趋向于具有厚叶、光合能力弱、寿命长等特性的适应策略。3. 叶片功能性状间广泛存在较强的相关性且均达极显著水平- Aarea与基于面积的叶氮含量(Narea)、PSII的实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)与SLA除外。这验证了叶经济谱在荒漠草原植物上同样存在。中度增温处理(0-10 cm土壤温度增加2.62 °C；0-20 cm土壤含水量减少14.2%)条件下，叶片功能性状间相关性更强，更加显著，而重度增温条件下其相关性变弱。4. 一年生、草本、C4植物叶片在叶经济谱中位于更靠近薄叶、光合能力强、寿命短的一端；而多年生、灌木、C3植物叶片则更靠近厚叶、光合能力弱、寿命长的一端。 |
| 英文摘要 | Grassland desertification caused by adverse effects of climate change and unsustainable land use is becoming a serious issue, and inevitably resulting in environmental disaster. However, there are few studies about leaf economics spectrum in a desert steppe, particularly under climatic warming condition. The photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen content of different species were investigated both in situ and warmed plots, which included three treatments: without warmed (control), moderately warmed and severely warmed treatments, in the desert steppe ecosystem, Damao Banner, Inner Mongolia, China. Our objectives are to solve the following questions: (1) is there an economic spectrum for the majority of species in the desert steppe, (2) how do the native species with different plant functional types in the desert steppe distribute on the economics spectrum, and (3) what are the major effects of warming on leaf economics spectrum of plants in the dessert steppe.The results were as follows:1. There were significant trait differences between plant functional types in the desert steppe ecosystem. The SLA, nitrogen concentration on mass-based (Nmass) in grasses were 2.39, 1.20 times of those in shrubs, respectively; photosynthetic capacity on area-based (Aarea), SLA, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) in annual plants were 1.93, 2.13, 4.24 times of those in perennial plants, respectively; Aarea, SLA, PNUE in C4 species were 2.25, 1.73, 3.61 times of those in C3 species, respectively.2. The Aarea, SLA, PNUE, Nmass and Amass were reduced in severely warmed plots (the mean soil temperatures (0-10 cm) were increased by 3.15°C than those in control plots and the values of soil water content (0-20 cm) were reduced by 33.6% than those in control plots). The Aarea, SLA, PNUE of plants in control plots were 2.30, 1.16, 2.63 folds of those in severely warmed plots, respectively. PNUE of the three species in both moderately and severely warmed plots were lower than those of control, which indicated that they would have a low SLA, weak photosynthetic capcity, and long leaf lifespan in a warming environment.3. The relationships between different leaf traits were all significant (P < 0.01), except the relationships between Aarea and nitrogen concentration on area-based (Narea), quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSⅡ) and SLA, which indicated that an economic spectrum appeared in the desert steppe ecosystem. These relationships were stronger and more significant in the moderately warmed plots (the mean soil temperatures (0-10 cm) were increased by 2.62°C than those in control plots and the values of soil water content (0-20 cm) were reduced by 14.2% than those in control plots), but in the severely warmed plots, no significant relationships were found between these leaf functional traits.4. In addition, the current results suggested that annual, grasses, C4 species were on the end of the leaf economics spectrum with a high area-based photosynthetic rate, high concentration on mass basis of nitrogen, short leaf lifespan, and high SLA, while the perennial, shrubs, C3 species were on the other end of the leaf economics spectrum. |
| 中文关键词 | 荒漠草原 ; 叶片功能性状 ; 叶经济谱 ; 气候变暖 |
| 英文关键词 | desert steppe leaf functional traits leaf economics spectrum climate warming |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院植物研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287818 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 于鸿莹. 气候变暖对荒漠草原植物叶片功能性状的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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