Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 增温和覆雪对甘肃马先蒿生物量分配及其寄主物候的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | The effects of warming and snow cover change on biomass allocation of Pedicularis kansuensis L.& phenology of that and hosts |
| 陆均 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 胡玉昆 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着人类活动的加剧，近几百年来全球地表平均气温上升是不争的事实。全球气候变暖深刻改变不同的陆地生态系统的物质循环和能量流动。草原是陆地表面面积仅次于森林的绿色覆被层，同时是对气候变化响应较敏感的生态系统。新疆天山巴音布鲁克草原是我国最大的干旱区高寒草原，对维持我国草原生态系统稳定和持续发展起着重要作用。有研究表明近几十年来西北干旱区朝暖湿化发展，天山地区冬季降雪量持续增加，加之近年来根部半寄生植物甘肃马先蒿在巴音布鲁克草原快速扩张，使牧草生长的生态位受排挤，畜牧业发展受到影响。气候变暖背景下，研究甘肃马先蒿与寄主在不同生长阶段的种间关系可以揭示甘肃马先蒿种群蔓延生长和扩张策略，而对其进行个体水平的生物量分配状况和物候研究可以为更深入解释寄生植物的物种扩张提供重要依据来源。为此，本文在新疆巴音布鲁克高寒草原通过开顶箱（Open Top Chanber, OTC）模拟增温和覆雪处理模拟冬季降雪变化（减雪处理W，自然降雪CK和增雪处理F），分别从物候、生物量分配和个体形态特征去探讨甘肃马先蒿种群在应对气候变化时的生长策略。论文得出以下主要结论： 1.增温和覆雪处理后甘肃马先蒿降低繁殖投资而增加营养投资，其生物量分配对增雪处理的响应更显著。增温和覆雪处理后生物量分配次序都为茎叶分配＞花分配＞根分配。甘肃马先蒿各器官之间存在某种协同生长的关系，这种关系具有一致性，不随增温和覆雪处理而变化。 2.增温后甘肃马先蒿的冠幅、分枝数和根深均发生极显著差异，株高和侧根长无显著差异；增温降低了地上部分个体形态指标间的联系；增温对甘肃马先蒿的地上部分的生长有一定抑制作用。增温不利于甘肃马先蒿种群的扩展。 增雪处理后甘肃马先蒿的株高、冠幅、花柱高度以及侧根尺寸均发生显著差异，减雪处理后除了侧根尺寸与对照相比有显著差异外，其它部分均无显著差异；增雪处理（F）并未显著改变个体形态指标间的相关性，但减雪处理（W）同时加强了地上部分个体形态指标间以及地上和地下部分的联系 。 3.增温后甘肃马先蒿及其寄主的不同物候期响应不一致；另外，增温后不同功能组分在不同物候期（返青期、花期物候、秋季物候）的开始时间的趋势表现一致。覆雪处理(F和W）使得甘肃马先蒿及其多数寄主的生长季减短；同时，覆雪处理使得甘肃马先蒿及其大部分寄主的花期物候提前，秋季物候延后；甘肃马先蒿的物候进程从结实期开始逐渐领先寄主。在研究区增温增湿和冬季降雪量增加背景下，甘肃马先蒿通过物候分化实现有效竞争。 |
| 英文摘要 | With the intensification of human activities, it is the indisputable fact that for hundreds of years the global average surface temperature rise up quickly. Global climate warming changes the material circulation and energy flow of different land ecological systems. Grassland is the land surface area after forest green cover layer, which is also the sensitive ecosystem responding to climate change. The Bayinbuluke grassland in Xinjiang Tianshan mountain, the largest alpine grassland in arid areas, plays an important role to maintain the grassland ecosystem stability and sustainable development of our country. Studies have shown that the northwest arid areas towards the development of warming and wet in recent decades, and that the winter snowfall continues to increase in tianshan region. In recent years the Pedicularis kansuensis L., a root parasitic plant, made a rapid expansion in Bayinbuluke grassland, which had made a negative impact on the ecological niche of forage growth and animal husbandry development. Under the background of climate change, studying the interspecific relationship of P.kansuensis and host in different growth stages can reveal the spread of spopulation growing and expansion strategy of P. kansuensis, and the study of the biomass distribution of individual level and phenology research will help to make a deeper understanding of the role of parasitic relationship in species expansion. In this paper, we arrangement a research to simulate waming and winter snowfall change in the alpine grassland of Xinjiang through OTC and the snow cover change (snow reduced, CK and snow addition), all the work is for investigating the growth strategies of P. kansuensis population respectively from the phenology, biomass allocation and individual characteristics in response to climate change. Here are the following main conclusions: 1. After arming and the snow cover change, P. kansuensis reduced reproductive investment and increase nutrition investment, the biomass allocation of which response to snow addition treatment was more prominent. The sequence of biomass allocation was stem leaf allocation > flowers allocation > root allocation after arming and the snow cover change. the coordinated growth relationship between different organs of P. kansuensis, which would not change with the warming and the snow cover change, is consistent. 2. After warming the canopy, branch number and roots deepth of P. kansuensis showed a significant differences, while its plant height and lateral root length had no significant difference; Warming reduced the relationship between individual form indicators aboveground; and had certain inhibition for the growth of. P. kansuensis. After snow addition the plant height, canopy, height of style and size of lateral root of P. kansuensis were significant differences compared to CK, the other parts had no significant difference after snow reduced except the size of lateral root compared with CK; Snow addition (F) did not change the significant correlation among the individual form indicators, instead, the snow reduced (W) strengthen the relationship of individual form indicators between the aboveground part and the underground at the same time. 3. The response to warming of different phenological phases of P. kansuensis and its host is inconsistent; In addition, after warming the different function components of community show a same trend in the start time of different phenological phase (regreening stage, flowering phenology, autumn phenology) . Snow cover change (F and W)makes P. kansuensis and most of the host a shortened growing season; Meanwhile, the snow cover change makes flowering phenology in advanced and the autumn phenological delay of P. kansuensis and most of the host; The phenological process of P. kansuensis began to lead its host from solid phase.The P. kansuensis would achieve effective competition according to phenology polalization under the background of warming & humidifying and the increasing winter snowfall in the study area. |
| 中文关键词 | 甘肃马先蒿 ; 寄生植物 ; 物候 ; 高寒草原 ; 生物量分配 ; 异速生长关系 ; 气候变暖 ; 覆雪处理 |
| 英文关键词 | Pedicularis kansuensis L. parasitic plant phenology alpine grassland biomass allocation allometry climate warming snow cover change |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287803 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陆均. 增温和覆雪对甘肃马先蒿生物量分配及其寄主物候的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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