Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 四种化学固沙剂固沙性能研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on Effectiveness of Four Chemical Sand-fixing Agents on Sand Fixation |
| 冯筱 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 徐新文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 风蚀荒漠化是干旱、半干旱地区重要的环境问题，对环境和人类生存造成一系列危害，必须采取有效的防沙固沙技术和措施来防止土壤风蚀的发生。化学固沙技术具有见效快，使用方便等优点，应用较为普遍。虽然化学固沙材料种类繁多，但真正大规模应用于固沙实践的却不多，尤其对适用于盐渍化地区的固沙剂鲜有报道。基于此，本文以最新研制的醋酸乙烯酯类化学固沙剂（WGS-3，WGS-4和CS-204）和抗盐性化学固沙剂（KY-1）为研究对象，主要通过室内风洞实验、保水性实验、土壤硬度和固结层厚度测试，对这两类固沙剂的固沙性能进行了对比分析，研究结果可为材料的优化和推广提供参考依据。主要研究结果如下：（1）三种醋酸乙烯酯类固沙剂均具有良好的固沙效果。在相同条件下，固沙剂WGS-3的抗风蚀性较WGS-4和CS-204差；CS-204的抗风蚀性略强于WGS-4。挟沙风较净风更易使沙面（喷施固沙剂后）产生风蚀。在挟沙风条件下，风蚀量随固沙剂喷洒量增加而减小，随吹蚀坡度的增加而增大。同一固沙剂，土壤硬度和固结层厚度随着喷洒浓度的增加而增加；同一喷洒浓度下，土壤硬度大小表现为WGS-3>WGS-4>CS-204，固结层厚度大小表现为CS-204>WGS-4>WGS-3。土壤硬度只是影响抗风蚀性的一个方面，固结层的韧性和弹性也是抗风蚀过程中不可忽略的一个机械属性。（2）三种固沙剂均可有效抑制土壤蒸发。随固沙剂喷洒浓度增加，固沙剂喷洒土壤的保水性能增加；在土壤蒸发过程中，随时间增加，固沙剂对土壤水分蒸发的抑制作用呈减小趋势。三种固沙剂保水性能WGS-4最显著，CS-204次之，WGS-3最弱。（3）结合野外实际固沙需求，综合考虑固沙剂的抗风蚀性和保水性，可选用WGS-4和CS-204，喷洒浓度2.0%~3.0%，喷洒量1 L/m2，能有效抵御6级左右风力，并能有效减缓土壤水分的蒸发作用。（4）河沙的粒度对固沙剂CS-204的抗风蚀效果影响不明显。相同喷洒浓度下，细沙、中沙和粗沙的固结层厚度依次增加，但土壤硬度无明显规律可循。（5）KY-1抗盐性固沙剂对含盐沙质土具有显著的固沙效果。在相同土壤盐分含量条件下，当固沙剂喷洒浓度增加时，土壤坑风蚀性、土壤硬度和固结层厚度均增加。在一定的固沙剂喷洒浓度下(浓度0除外)，随着土壤盐分含量的增加，土壤抗风蚀性、土壤硬度和固结层厚度呈先减小后增加的变化趋势；仅喷洒水时，土壤抗风蚀性、土壤硬度和固结层厚度随盐分含量的增加而增加。可见，土壤盐分本身也具有胶结沙颗粒的作用，可提高固沙效果，而固沙乳液和盐分协同作用，固沙效果更好。 （6）固结层厚度也是衡量土壤抗风蚀性的一个方面，固结层厚度较大时，土壤硬度较大，土壤抗风蚀性较强。固沙剂喷洒浓度分别为0，1.0%和2.0%时，风蚀率随着土壤硬度的增加呈指数减小趋势，当喷洒浓度增加至3.0%时，相关性较弱。从经济的角度考虑固沙，当土壤盐分含量高于30 g/kg时，固沙剂使用浓度为2.0%~3.0%，土壤盐分含量低于30 g/kg时，固沙剂使用浓度为3.0%或者稍高于3.0%，且喷洒量为1 L/m2时，可有效抵御15 m/s的风速。 （7）野外观测期间，醋酸乙烯酯类固沙剂固结层保存较好，并无风蚀痕迹，虽然实验观测时间较短，但从目前的观测结果来看，固沙剂具有一定的野外固沙能力。 |
| 英文摘要 | Wind erosion is a serious environmental problem in arid and semi-arid regions, which is harmful to the environment as well as human’s life, so it is necessary to adopt some effective and available sand-fixation technologies and measures to reduce the wind erosion. The chemical sand fixing measures are widespread used for their fast and convenience. There are many kinds of chemical materials to fix the sandy soil, however, few are applied in the large scale practices, in addition, the sand fixing agents suitable for the high salty soil are rarely reported. Therefore, three vinyl acetate sand-fixing agents and a salt resistance sand fixing agent were studied in this paper. To evaluate the effect of the four agents on sand fixation, the wind tunnel test, the water retention test, the crushing strength test and the crust thickness measurement were performed，and the results can provide a preference for the optimization and application of the agents. The results indicated that:(1) The three kinds of vinyl acetate sand-fixing agents all worked well for preventing soil wind erosion, and under the same condition, the wind erosion-resistance performance of CS-204 was slightly better than that of WGS-4, however, WGS-3 was the poorest among the three; what’s more, the sand-carrying wind made it easier for the treated soil to be blown away than the pure wind did; and also, there was a decline in the accumulative wind erosion mass with the increasing application amount of the sand-fixing agents, but an increase with the increase of the surface slopes under the sand-carrying wind condition; Under the same condition, the crushing strength and the crust thickness increased with the increasing concentration of the agents, the crushing strength showed as WGS-3>WGS-4>CS-204, while the crust thickness showed as CS-204>WGS-4>WGS-3. The crushing strength is only one of the factors that determine the anti-erosion ability of the agents, and the crust toughness and elasticity cannot be ignored.(2) The three agents can effectively reduce the soil water evaporation. When the concentration of the agents increased, the soil water retention increased. During the process of the soil evaporation, the resistance on the evaporation by the agents decreased with time. WGS-4 showed the best in water retention, then CS-204, and WGS-3 the poorest. (3) That the application rate of WGS-4 and CS-204 both adopt a rate of 2.0%~3.0%(w/w), along with their spraying amount of 1 L/m2 , is recommended in terms of the effective sand fixation and the soil water retention, which can effectively control the wind erosion under 12 m/s, and reduce soil water evaporation effectively.(4) The effect of the river sand particle size on the anti-wind erosion by the agents CS-204 is not obvious, and under the same condition, the crust thickness increased with the increasing particle size of the silver sand, fine sand and coarse sand，but there is no significant regulation for the crushing strength.(5) KY-1 sand fixing agent is very effective in fixing saline sandy soil. At a given soil salinity, as the concentration of KY-1 increased, the crust thickness, the crushing strength and the resistance to wind erosion increased. With the increasing soil salinity, the crust thickness, the crushing strength and the resistance to wind erosion decreased initially and then increased at a given concentration (except the concentration of 0%) of KY-1, and they were found to increase when the concentration of 0% was used. It can be seen that the soil salt itself can cement the sand particles, which can increase the effectiveness of the sand fixation, and the combined action of both the agents and the soil salt can make the sand fixation better.(6) The crust thickness is also an index to measure the anti wind erosion ability, the larger the crust thickness is, the higher the crushing strength is, and the greater the anti wind erosion ability the crust owns. There was found a negative exponential relationship between the wind erosion modulus and the crushing strength when the concentration of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0% of KY-1 was used, when the concentration was 3.0%, the relationship was weaker. From the perspective of economy, in order to fix sand effectively, it is suggested that, when the soil salinity is higher than 30 g/kg, a concentration of 2.0%~3.0% is suitable, while the salinity is less than 30 g/kg, a concentration of 3.0% or a little more is available to reduce the wind erosion in the case of 15 m/s. (7) During the field observations, the crust layer of the vinyl acetate sand-fixing agents preserved well, and there were no obvious cracks caused by wind erosion. Although the observation period was a little short, the sand fixing agents still have a potential ability in sand fixation in the field from the currently known results. |
| 中文关键词 | 土壤风蚀 ; 化学固沙剂 ; 抗风蚀性 ; 保水性 ; 土壤硬度 |
| 英文关键词 | wind erosion，chemical sand-fixing agents，wind erosion resistance，water retention，crushing strength |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287798 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 冯筱. 四种化学固沙剂固沙性能研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [冯筱]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [冯筱]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [冯筱]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
