Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭群落土壤水分动态 | |
| 其他题名 | Soil moisture dynamics of Haloxylon ammodendron community in the southern Gurbantunggut Desert |
| 朱海 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 胡顺军 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 土壤水分是维系古尔班通古特沙漠荒漠植被发育最主要的制约因子，是沙漠土壤—植物—大气连续体中水循环的重要组成部分，是确定植被承载力、进行沙地土壤水分管理的基础。本论文以古尔班通古特沙漠南缘北沙窝为研究区域，以梭梭群落为研究对象，根据2014年2月至2015年10月的野外观测数据，结合室内测定的相关土壤物理参数，研究了沙丘土壤水分的时空动态、不同龄阶梭梭冠下土壤含水率的差异、沙丘土壤水分空间差异影响因素以及沙丘土壤水分动态预测。研究结果可为风沙区生态恢复和植被系统可持续发展提供科学依据和理论基础。初步研究结论如下：（1）土壤水分具有明显的季节变化规律，从季节划分，3—5月是土壤水分补给期，6—10月是土壤水分耗损期，11月—次年2月是土壤水分稳定期。0~30 cm土层土壤含水率较高且随深度增加而迅速减小，30 cm以下，土壤含水率随深度增加变化较小，变动范围基本保持在0.01 cm3﹒cm-3以内。依据土壤水分变异系数，0~70 cm土层土壤水分变异系数很大，并随深度变化急剧减小，70 cm以下，土壤水分变异系数基本维持在0.1左右，且随深度变化微小。丘间地土壤含水率一直最高，且与沙丘其他部位存在较显著差异，沙丘上其他部位土壤含水率相差较小，坡顶土壤含水率一直最低，东、西两坡土壤含水率两年差异均不显著，西坡土壤含水率略高于东坡。（2）春、夏、秋季不同龄阶梭梭冠下剖面平均土壤含水率差异与全年相一致。冠下剖面平均土壤含水率高低表现为：枯树>成熟梭梭>中龄梭梭>裸地。随距梭梭树干距离的增大（0~5 m范围内），土壤含水率整体呈减小趋势。针对一次典型降雨事件，梭梭的树冠集流作用对冠下土壤水分具有较强的补充作用，梭梭冠下0~10 cm土层土壤含水率增量大于裸地0~10 cm土层土壤含水率增量。（3）气象要素对土壤水分的影响主要体现在降雨、降雪和蒸发三个方面，降雨和蒸发对沙丘不同部位土壤含水率差异影响均不显著，降雪在一定程度上增大了丘间地的土壤含水率；丘间地土壤含水率受地表覆被影响较明显，广泛分布的结皮增大了土面蒸发量，降低了土壤含水量，相对茂密的梭梭灌丛在一定程度上增大了土壤含水量；土壤质地对土壤含水率空间差异影响较明显，丘间地土壤细粒物质较多，持水和保水能力强，也在一定程度上提高了丘间地土壤含水率。综合分析，降雪、植被和土壤质地共同造成了丘间地土壤高含水率的结果。（4）利用2014年和2015年的土壤水分含量数据，通过选取二次指数平滑模型和三次指数平滑模型对梭梭群落土壤水分进行动态模拟，结果表明：二次指数平滑模型对土壤含水率的预测结果与实测值较为接近，但趋势上并不十分一致。三次指数平滑模型对土壤含水率的预测结果与实测值变化趋势一致。 |
| 英文摘要 | Soil moisture is the main restrictive factor for the growth of desert vegetation in the Gurbantunggut Desert, is a critical component of water circulation in Soil Plant Atmosphere Continuum, and is the basis for the determination of vegetation carrying capacity and the management of sandy soil moisture. Beishawo, in the southern of Gurbantunggut Desert, was selected as research area, and Haloxylon ammodendron community was selected as studied object. In-situ observation was performed from February 2014 to October 2015，combined with the measure of soil physics characteristics parameter in the laboratory of Fukang Station, the spatial and temporal dynamics of sandy soil moisture, the difference of soil moisture content in the soil layers under the canopy of Haloxylon ammodendron at different growth stages, the influencing factors of spatial difference in sandy soil moisture and the dynamic prediction of sandy soil moisture were researched. The preliminary conclusions can be list as follows:(1) soil moisture content had obvious temporal variation, and the annual variation of soil moisture content could be divided into 3 periods, i.e., moisture gaining period (from March to May), moisture losing period (from June to October) and moisture stable period (from November to February the following year).soil moisture content was higher and varied a lot with the depth in 0~30 cm soil layer, soil moisture content was lower and relatively constant with depth in 30~400 cm soil layer; based on the variation coefficients of soil moisture content, the variation coefficients of soil moisture content was higher and varied a lot with the depth in 0~70 cm soil layer, the variation coefficients of soil moisture content was lower and relatively constant with depth in 70~400 cm soil layer.The difference in soil moisture content was not significant between slope positions, in the west slope, east slope and top of the dune, but it was significant between interdune and the above-mentioned three slope positions, and the soil moisture content in the former was relatively higher; the soil moisture content in the top of the dune was lowest, the difference in soil moisture content was not significant between west slope and east slope, and the soil moisture content in west slope was higher than the soil moisture content in east slope. (2) The averaged soil moisture content at different life stages in spring, summer, fall, as well as in the whole year displayed a pattern in order of dead individual > adult individual > young individual > bare soil; soil moisture decreased gradually with the increasing distance to the Haloxylon ammodendron base stem within 5 meters; and following rainfall events, the soil moisture content in 10 cm soil increased more in the root zone than in the bare soil.(3) Rainfall and evaporation had no significant influence on spatial difference of soil moisture content, snowfall, crust and vegetation had significant influence on spatial difference of soil moisture content. On the whole year, the existence of crust increased the evaporation of soil moisture to a certain extent. The wet island effect and shade effect of Haloxylon ammodendron shrub increased the soil moisture content in the interdune to a certain extent. Soil texture had significant influence on spatial difference of soil moisture content. In all, snowfall, vegetation and soil texture resulted in the high soil moisture content in the interdune.(4) The soil moisture dynamics Haloxylon ammodendron community was simulated with quadratic exponential smoothing model and cubic exponential smoothing model using the soil moisture data in 2014 and 2015. And the soil moisture in a future period of time was forecasted. In the quadratic exponential smoothing model, predictive value was close to measured value, however, the trend of predictive value and measured value was not consistent; in cubic exponential smoothing model, the dynamic trend of predictive value and measured value was consistent. |
| 中文关键词 | 土壤水分 ; 梭梭群落 ; 古尔班通古特沙漠 ; 沙丘 |
| 英文关键词 | soil moisture content Haloxylon ammodendron community Gurbantunggut Desert sand dune |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287773 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 朱海. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘梭梭群落土壤水分动态[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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