Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 典型覆盖措施对枣林土壤水分循环的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of typical mulching pattern on soil water cycle in jujube land |
| 靳姗姗 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 汪有科 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 针对黄土丘陵半干旱区林地土壤干化缺水严重的现象，研究传统典型覆盖措施下的林地土壤水分循环对提高林地生产力及防治林地土壤水分恶化的重要作用。本研究在11龄山地矮化密植梨枣林试验基地的水平阶上，选取坡向和坡度相似的水平阶，分别设置秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖、石子覆盖和枣林裸地4个处理。利用2012-2016年四种不同处理土壤水分定位实测数据和气象资料，探讨和分析不同覆盖措施对枣林土壤水分循环的影响，从而为建立山地枣林土壤水分恢复措施提供依据，也为半干旱区旱作枣林可持续发展及建立土壤水分生态环境友好型林业提供理论和技术支撑。初步得出以下结论：1）通过分析2012年3月-2016年4月连续四年不同覆盖措施枣林地土壤水分的变化动态，发现受降雨影响，生育期（4-10月）土壤含水量处于上升的阶段，而休眠期（10-次年4月）土壤水分处于下降的阶段，休眠期是土壤水分损失的严重时期。2）休眠期不同覆盖措施下0-200cm土层土壤储水量变化均可分为三个阶段。第一个阶段是土壤水分的缓慢损失期（10 -12月），土壤储水量缓慢降低；第二个阶段是土壤水分的提升期（12-次年1月），该阶段由于自地表向下土壤水分逐渐冻结，土壤储水量迅速增加；第三个阶段土壤水分的快速损失期（次年1-4月），因地表土壤开始解冻，加之该阶段风大空气干燥，土壤水分蒸发加剧，土壤储水量加速减少。整个休眠期地膜覆盖、石子覆盖、秸秆覆盖、枣林地和枣林裸地土壤水分的变化量分别为61.6mm、75.8mm、87.2mm、113.4mm，相当于同期降雨量的1.36倍、1.67倍、1.92倍、和2.50倍，可见裸地损失最严重，覆盖措施可以在不同程度上起到有效保墒作用。3）降雨入渗和再分布是一个由浅入深、层层深入的过程，典型雨季地膜覆盖、石子覆盖、秸秆覆盖、枣林地和枣林裸地最大降雨入渗深度分别为440cm、340cm、320cm、和260cm。蒸散过程中土壤水分的变化表现为整体移动的特征，典型旱季地膜覆盖、石子覆盖、秸秆覆盖、枣林地和枣林裸地最大蒸散作用层深度分别为380cm、300cm、280cm、和260cm。4）枣林休眠期初期（10月）和末期（次年4月）土壤水分垂直剖面大致可以分为2个层：第一层为土壤水分的易恢复层，第二层为土壤水分的难恢复层。易恢复层土壤水分波动明显，采取覆盖措施后土壤水分有明显增加趋势，而难恢复层土壤水分相对稳定，覆盖的保墒作用不显著。与枣林裸地相比，经过一个休眠期地膜覆盖、石子覆盖和秸秆覆盖枣林地可以改善的土壤水分深度分别为320cm、280cm、240cm、。5）根据三个典型水文年的土壤水分收支状况，可以将其分为三种不同类型：第一种是丰水年土壤水分的“累积型”，表现为土壤水分的补给量大于支出量；第二种为平水年土壤水分的“平衡型”；表现为土壤水分补给量与支出量基本持平；第三种为贫水年土壤水分的“耗损型”，土壤水分入不敷出。6）利用研究区水量平衡方程计算可知，丰水年不同覆盖措施蒸散量与同期降雨量比值均小于1，说明土壤水分出现正平衡状态，平水年四种处理条件下枣林地蒸散量与同期降雨量比值接近1，说明土壤水分处于平衡状态，贫水年则均大于1，说明土壤水分出现负平衡状态。由于研究区贫水年年份占总年份的56%，因此对该区土壤干层的形成产生不利影响。 |
| 英文摘要 | Due to the severe soil water depletion existed in forest land in the semi-arid Loess Plateau, select similar aspect and slope position level terraces in the 11year-old mountain dwarf jujube plant. Setting straw mulching treatment, film mulching treatment, gravel mulching treatment and bare land treatment in each level terrace. The soil water content under four different mulching patterns in jujube land and meteorological datas were measured during 2012～2016. The objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the effects of mulching patterns on soil water balance in jujube land during the whole growth period. This study can provide more acurrate breakthrough point for the soil water restoration measures in jujube plant as well as the development of dry farming jujube in semi-arid areas, and provide theoretical and techmical support for establishing benign soil water ecological environment. The preliminary conclusions are as follows:1) Through analyzing the dynamic soil water change of different mulching patterns in jujube plant from 2012.3. to 2016.4., indicates that the soil water is at rising stage in growth period influnced by rainfall(April-October), and at declining stage in dormancy period (October-the next year on April). Dormancy period is the serious period of soil water depletion.2)The dynamic soil water storage change can be devided into three stages in different mulching patters of non-growth period. The first stage is from October to December. In this period, the soil water decreased. The second stage is from December to the next Janurary. In this period, the soil water increased. The third stage is from Janurary to April. In this period, the soil water decreased, too. Overall, film mulching, gravel mulching, the straw mulching, and bare land patter soil water storage were lower 61.6 mm, 75.8 mm, 87.2 mm and 113.4 mm respectively in dormancy period, which is equivalent to synchronization rainfall 1.36 times, 1.67 times ,1.92 times and 2.50 times. The results indicate that the soil water lost most seriouly in bare land patter and taking mulching measures can keep soil water effect in different degrees.3)Rainfall infiltration and redistribution is a process from shallow to deep, and evapotranspiration process shows the characteristic of whole moviation. The maximum rainfall infiltration depth of film mulching, gravel mulching, straw mulching and non-mulching pattern is 440 cm, 340 cm, 320 cm and 260 cm. And the maximum rainfall infiltration depth is 380 cm, 300 cm, 280 cm and 260 cm respectively.4)The soil water vertical section can be roughly divided int two sections in early and late non-growth period in jujube plant. They are the easy and difficult recovery areas of soil water respectively. In easy recovery area, the soil water changed markelly, but relatively stable in difficult recovery area. Compared with non-growth mulching patter, the film mulching ,gravel mulching pattern and straw mulching can improve the depth of soil water is 320 cm, 280cm, 240 cm respectively after the non-growth period.5)According to the soil water balance of three anniversary change of soil water balance, it can be divided into three different types. In a wet year, the soil water recharge rate is larger than expenditure rate. In a scanty precipitation year, the soil water changed a little. And in a dry year, the soil water recharge rate is lower than expenditure rate. 6)In a wet year, the ratio of evaporation and the synchronization rainfall is all lower than 1, which indicates that the soil water storage is at rising stage, and in a scanty precipitation year, the ratio of that is nearly at 1. And in a dry year, it is lager than 1, indicating that the soil water storage is an deceasing stage. Because the amounts of scanty precipitation year account for 56% of the total year, it may have an adverse effect on the formation of dried soil layer in this area. |
| 中文关键词 | 土壤干化 ; 土壤水分循环 ; 覆盖措施 ; 休眠期 |
| 英文关键词 | soil water depletion soil water balance mulching pattern dormancy period |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 水土保持与荒漠化防治 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287753 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 靳姗姗. 典型覆盖措施对枣林土壤水分循环的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [靳姗姗]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [靳姗姗]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [靳姗姗]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
