Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 半干旱沙丘缀块生境多尺度植被空间格局 | |
| 其他题名 | Spatial pattern of vegetation at different scales in semi-arid patchy habitats |
| 苗纯萍 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 植被格局及其与生态学过程的相互作用是生态学研究的中心问题之一。植被空间格局的研究是理解生态过程的基础，而对生态过程的研究是解释植被格局的关键。科尔沁沙地西部沙丘生态系统以缀块为主要地貌特征，由固定沙丘、流动沙丘及丘间低地等不同地貌类型呈不规则形状的缀块镶嵌而成。该缀块生境破碎化程度较高导致综合自然物理要素异质性强，因此植被组成和分布格局呈现一定的空间差异。本研究以科尔沁沙地缀块生境为研究对象，基于野外调查数据，在单因素方差分析、群落多元统计分析、空间插值、半方差分析等分析方法的基础上，探索了缀块间和缀块内两个尺度研究了科尔沁沙地植被空间格局，并对沙地物种的共存机制和植被演替方式进行了探索。1. 在缀块间尺度上，沙生植物和草甸植物是缀块生境中物种多样性维持的重要组成。整体来看，沙生植物的物种多度小于草甸植物的多度，但是沙生植物局部可以达到的物种多度显著高于草甸植物局部物种多度。从空间分布上看，草原植物与沙生植物的空间生态位分离，而草原植物和沙生植物都与草甸植物的生态位有重叠。2. 从流动沙丘向固定沙丘的空间演替过来来看，沙生植物的主导地位降低，草甸植物和草原植物对群落组成的结构的作用增加。3. 固定沙丘的地上植被中一年生草本的多样性最高，而丘间低地的地上植被中多年生植物的多样性高。从植物的不同生态型比较，丘间低地草原植物和草甸植物的物种多样性显著高于固定沙丘。4. 在缀块间尺度上，不同类型植物具有不同的空间特征尺度，且差异较大。从植物生活型来看，灌木、和多年生草本物种多度的空间特征尺度较小，而一年生草本物种多度的特征尺度大。从不同生态型比较，沙生植物和草原植物物种多度的空间特征尺度较小，而草甸植物物种多度的特征尺度大。5. 在土地沙漠化的过程中，土壤中总氮含量和总碳含量降低，且土壤总碳降低速率高于总氮。固定沙丘、流动沙丘和丘间低地土壤总磷含量无显著差别。而在流动沙丘-丘间低地联合体中，位于流动沙丘和丘间低地之间的过渡段总磷含量较高。6. 科尔沁沙地沙丘区沙生植物与土壤总碳、总氮、总磷和有机质之间的关联性很弱，而草甸植物和草原植物与这些土壤养分之间存在密切的关联性。 |
| 英文摘要 | Vegetation pattern and ecological processes, as well as the relationship between the two, are the central issues of ecology. The study of vegetation pattern is the key to understand the ecological processes, and thus has implications for vegetation recovery of Horqin Sandy Land. Horqin Sandy Land is characterized as the patchy habit, including active sand dunes, stabilized sand dunes, and interdune lowlands. There are differences in species composition and distribution pattern due to high spatial heterogeneity in Horqin Sandy land.In this study, we aimed to study the vegetation patterns in Horqin Sandy Land, and to explore the species coexistence and succesion mechanisms based on the field data and multivariater statistical analysis.1. At inter-patchy scale, psammophyte and limnocryptophyte-meadow species played an important role in diversity maintain. Generally, the species abundance of psammophyte was lower than that of limnocryptophyte-meadow species. However, psammophyte reached a much higher abundance that limnocryptophyte-meadow species at fine scale. According to the spatial distribution, the niche of psammophyte was separated from the niche of steppe species. The niche of limnocryptophyte -meadow species was overlapped with both psammophyte and steppe species.2. The psammophytes were the dominant dpecies in the active sand dunes. The abundance of limnocryptophyte-meadow species and steppe species increased during the sucession from the active sand dunes to the stabilized sand dunes.3. The diversity of anuual herbs was the highest than that of perennials and shrubs in the stabilized sand dunes. The abundance of limnocryptophyte-meadow species and steppe species were higher in the inter-dune lowlands then those in the stabiled sand dunes.4. The characteristic scales in the patchy habit varied among different kinds of dpecies. The characteristic scale of shrubs and perennials were much higher than the scale of anuual herbs. In addition, the characteristic scales of psammophyte and steppe species were much higher than the scale of limnocryptophyte-meadow species. 5. The soil total nitrogen and totol carbon contents were reduced in the process of land desertification. There was no significant difference in phosphorus content between the active sand dunes and inter-dune lowlands. However, the phosphorus increased in the ecotones between the active sand dunes and inter-dune lowlands.6. There were significant correlation between limnocryptophyte-meadow species, and steppe species and soil total nitrogen, total carbon, phosphorus, and soil organic matter. |
| 中文关键词 | 缀块生境 ; 物种多样性 ; 沙生植物 ; 草甸植物 ; 特征尺度 |
| 英文关键词 | patchy habit psammophyte limnocryptophyte-meadow species Characteristic scale |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287746 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 苗纯萍. 半干旱沙丘缀块生境多尺度植被空间格局[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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