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| 青藏高原复杂地表通量变化特征的实验研究 | |
| 其他题名 | An experimental study on the variation characteristics of surface heat fluxes over heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau |
| 张烺 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 马耀明 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 随着青藏高原野外观测数据的积累，数据处理方法逐渐规范，有必要对已有观测数据进行系统化统一处理，建立高精度和高时间分辨率的标准化数据集，为模式模拟结果的验证提供更可靠的事实依据，以及为优化模式参数化方案提供实验基础。另一方面，许多研究表明近几十年青藏高原感热通量呈下降的趋势，但前人的研究大多基于还存在一定不确定性的经验方案，或者基于微气象理论但使用的观测数据时间分辨率较粗，并且对于植被覆盖的复杂下垫面上的应用还存在一定的局限性。因此，利用不同下垫面上直接观测得到的高精度标准化通量数据集对长时间序列湍流通量的变化特征进行分析，是在全球变化背景下，青藏高原地表热源变化趋势研究的一个重要补充。为此，本论文针对以上两个重要科学问题，开展了以下两个方面的分析研究：一、标准化通量数据集的建立对分布在青藏高原不同区域、不同下垫面的六个站点（中国科学院纳木错多圈层综合观测研究站，纳木错站；中国科学院珠穆朗玛大气与环境综合观测研究站，珠峰站；中国科学院藏东南高山环境综合观测研究站，林芝站；中国科学院慕士塔格西风带环境综合观测研究站，慕士塔格站；中国科学院阿里荒漠环境综合观测研究站，阿里站；双湖观测站），以及青藏高原周边尼泊尔境内的Tarahara站的涡动相关观测数据、土壤温湿及辐射观测资料进行质量控制以及通量贡献源区进行分析。比较土壤热通量的计算方法，选择最优方案进行计算，并分析各站能量平衡情况，对能量不闭合进行修正，最后对缺失或剔除数据进行补全。将处理过程中不同阶段的数据分别建立三个级别的数据集：第一级（Level 1）：经过质量控制，贡献源区分析以及邻近障碍物影响分析后的湍流通量数据；第二级(Level 2)：经能量平衡修正后的湍流通量数据第三级(Level 3)：插补后的湍流通量数据。二、湍流通量变化的趋势分析选择标准化通量数据集中时间序列较长站点（珠峰站、林芝站和纳木错站）的数据，对不同下垫面上湍流通量的长期变化趋势及产生原因进行分析。发现，各站的潜热通量在白天和夜间均呈减小的趋势；夜间和傍晚感热通量有减小的趋势，正午，除林芝站减小外，其它各站均为增加。原因分析认为潜热通量减小主要是由于风速减弱引起，而感热通量同时受风速减弱和地气温差增强的影响，正午时刻地气温差增强的影响作用占主导，夜间和傍晚则是风速减弱引起的感热减小占主导。该分析结果与珠峰站观测到的不同时刻风速减弱和地气温差增强表现出的特征是一致的。潜热通量各季节及全年平均的变化趋势在三个站均表现出减小的趋势，而感热通量在不同季节和不同地理位置变化趋势有所不同。林芝站，冬季增加，其它季节减小；纳木错站冬季和秋季增加，春季、夏季减小；珠峰站，冬季和春季减小，夏季和秋季增加。全年湍流通量的变化趋势为：林芝站和纳木错站，感热通量和潜热通量均为减小的趋势，但纳木错站感热通量减小甚微；珠峰站感热通量有微弱增加的趋势，潜热通量为减小的趋势。 |
| 英文摘要 | Because of gradual accumulation of surface flux data in Tibet Plateau (TP), development of data processing method and optimization of surface fluxes calculation, building standardized data set for different underlying surface with high-precision and high-resolution in time is the new requirement for many scholars in the context of global climate change. Meanwhile scholars begin to consider if there are some significant information existed in the longer time series surface fluxes data. Scholars concluded that the sensible heat flux on the TP has been weakening. However, their study is based on the empirical method or micrometeorological theory but using low temporal resolution data, and there are still some uncertainties on complex underlying surface with plants. Therefore, using the standardize data set to analyze the long term trend of turbulent fluxes is an important supplement of previous research. Based on this background, this research is mainly about two parts of content as follows: (1) Establish standardization turbulent fluxes data set.The data set incorporates fluxes at six stations, they are NamCo Station for Multisphere Observation and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NamCo station); South-East Tibetan plateau Station for integrated observation and research of alpine environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Linzhi station); Ngari Station for Desert Environment Observation and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nagri station); Muztagh Ata Station for Westerly Environment Observation and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Muztagh station); Qomolangma Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Qomolangma station); Shuanghu station, on TP and Tarahara station in Nepal near southern slop of TP, the turbulent fluxes (sensible heat and latent heat/evapotranspiration) were derived by the eddy-covariance method. The data set includes:Level I Turbulent fluxes, being checked for data quality, footprint, and potential obstacles in the vicinity of the sensor. Level II Turbulent fluxes data, corrected with respect to the energy balance closure. Level III Gap-filled level I data. (2) Trend analysis of turbulent fluxes.Using the long-term data records of three stations (Qomolangma station, Linzhi station and NamCo station) to analyze the trend of turbulent fluxes. Trends in sensible heat flux and latent heat flux at different times of the day show that the latent heat flux decreases at all times in all sites, but the sensible heat flux increases at 14:00 (Beijing Standard Time, BST) in Qomolangma and NamCo station. Trends in latent heat flux in different seasons at all sites are all decline. Sensible heat flux increases during winter and decreases during other seasons at Linzhi station. In NamCo station, sensible heat flux increases during winter and august, and decreases during spring and summer. For Qomolangma station, sensible heat flux increases during summer and august, decreases during winter and spring. The annual mean latent heat flux decrease at all stations. The annual mean sensible heat flux increases slightly only in Qomolangma station. Based on these phenomenons, this study concludes that the decline in latent heat flux is the result of wind speed decreasing. However, the wind speed decreasing and temperature difference between ground and air increasing can act on sensible heat flux simultaneously, and the effect of temperature difference increasing dominate the other one at 14:00(BST) at NamCo and Qomolangma station. |
| 中文关键词 | 青藏高原 ; 涡动相关系统 ; 感热通量 ; 潜热通量 ; 标准化通量数据集 |
| 英文关键词 | Tibetan Plateau eddy covariance method sensible heat flux latent heat flux standardize turbulent flux data set |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 大气物理学与大气环境 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院青藏高原研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287738 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 张烺. 青藏高原复杂地表通量变化特征的实验研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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