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| 大气气溶胶光学参数测量方法及特征研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Research of measurement method and optical properties of aerosol |
| 宫纯文 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 魏合理 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 大气气溶胶通过吸收和散射太阳辐射影响大气辐射平衡，对全球及局部地区的气候变化具有重要作用，准确测量大气气溶胶的光学参数及观测分析特殊天气过程气溶胶特性对评估其辐射效应和气候效应具有重要意义。本文利用光在镀膜玻璃管中传输的特点，提出一种测量大气气溶胶消光系数的新方法，设计了一套可用于测量实际大气气溶胶消光系数的系统，与能见度仪测量结果对比验证了此方法测量结果的合理性；利用气溶胶对光能量的吸收转化为热的特点，设计一种测量大气气溶胶吸收系数的新方法，数值计算了气溶胶在波长550nm上吸收系数与温度变化的关系，表明该方案是可行的；利用太阳辐射计对我国多个典型地区连续观测积累的数据，分别研究了安徽合肥、河南许昌、云南丽江近郊的秸秆燃烧和青海德令哈、新疆喀什、河北张北的沙尘天气对城市气溶胶光学特性所产生的影响，并对这些典型气溶胶源的光学特性进行了定量分析，获取两者的关系；最后，对青海德令哈、乐都、四川稻城、安徽合肥四个典型地区大气气溶胶光学特征进行了对比分析，得到其气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）和?ngstr?m指数月季变化和频率分布特性。本论文的主要研究成果及创新有：（1）提出了一种测量大气气溶胶消光系数的新方法。该方法利用光在镀膜玻璃管中传输的特点，将某一波长的光以一定角度入射到充满气溶胶的玻璃管中，经管壁的多次折返大大增加了光程，气溶胶对光的衰减信息可以通过玻璃管两端的探测器测量得到，利用比值计算方法消除光电转换过程中因光强波动、管壁不均匀以及分子散射等带来的测量误差，提高了气溶胶消光系数测量的灵敏度。且该方法具有原理简单、操作方便等特点。（2）利用气溶胶对光能量的吸收转化为热的特点，提出一种测量大气气溶胶吸收系数的新方法。该方法让某一波长的光在充满气溶胶的绝热玻璃管中多次反射，气溶胶的散射光透过玻璃传输出去，气溶胶对光的吸收转化为热能对玻璃管内的空气进行加热，利用玻璃管内外放置的高灵敏铂丝温度传感器对温度变化进行探测，利用大功率激光器和延长照射时间提高气溶胶吸收系数测量的精度。（3）利用多年积累的我国几个典型地区太阳辐射计观测数据，反演了秸秆燃烧和沙尘日及其前后晴朗日AOD和表征粒子尺度的?ngstr?m指数，并运用观测结果和反演数据对已知气溶胶源予以验证；对比分析了多个典型地区源自秸秆燃烧和沙尘的气溶胶光学特性，根据分析结果提出?ngstr?m指数可作为秸秆燃烧和沙尘天气的一个标志参数，为生物燃烧性有机碳黑气溶胶光学特性的检测方法提供了依据，并为我国西北城市地区受周边沙漠的影响程度提供有益的参考。 （4）利用实验室实测的我国多个典型地区太阳辐射计数据反演了青海德令哈、乐都、四川稻城、安徽合肥AOD和?ngstr?m指数，分析得出其日变化、日均值变化、月和季节变化及频率分布特性；发现我国不同典型地区气溶胶光学特性的差异，对气候效应、及其时空分布研究以及光学工程应用具有重要的参考价值。 |
| 英文摘要 | Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in atmospheric radiation balance by absorption and scattering the solar radiation, which changes local weather and global climate. Accurate measurement of the aerosol parameters and the analysis of aerosol properties in special weather processes have important implications for the assessment of the radiation effects and climate effects.In the present work, a new method is proposed for measurement of aerosol extinction coefficient by taking advantage of the characteristic of light transmission through coated glass tubes. Compared with the results obtained with a visibility meter, the results obtained with this method are reasonable. For measurement of aerosol absorption coefficient, a new method is designed using the principle of the light energy absorpted by aerosol converted into thermal energy, Through numerical calculation aerosols in the wavelength of 550 nm absorption coefficient and temperature change of the relationship, calculation shows that the scheme is feasible. The Aerosol optical Depth (AOD) and ?ngstr?m index(a) were inversed by using the long-term measurement data from sun-photometer in several typical regions of china influenced by straw burning, dust, and sunny day. The optical characteristic of aerosol influenced by straw burning and dust was analyzed. Finally the atmospheric aerosol optical characteristics of Delingha Ledu, Daocheng, Hefei, and other regions were compared and analyzed. The main merits and innovations of this thesis are as follows:1. A new method is proposed for measurement of aerosol extinction coefficient by taking advantage of the characteristic of light transmission through coated glass tubes. When a ray of light of a particular wavelength penetrates through a glass tube filled with aerosols at a certain angle, the optical path length will be greatly increased due to multiple reflection of the light on the tube wall, and the amount of light diminished by aerosols can be measured by the sensors at both ends of the glass tube. The ratio calculation method is used to remove the effect of measurement errors caused by the light intensity fluctuation, uneven tube wall, molecular scattering, etc. during the photoelectric conversion. As such, the sensitivity for measuring the extinction coefficients of aerosols is raised. In addition, based on simple principles, this method can be easily applied.2. A new method is designed for measurement of aerosol absorption coefficient using the principle of the light energy absorpted by aerosol converted into thermal energy. When a ray of light of a particular wavelength penetrates through a insulating glass tube filled with aerosols, the scattered light of the aerosol is transmitted through the glass. The light energy absorpted by aerosol is onverted into heat energy heating the a erosol in glass tubes. The change of the temperature can be measured by the high sensitive platinum wires temperature sensor at inside and outside of the place. The sensitivity for measuring the absorption coefficients of aerosols is raised though high power laser and prolonging irradiation time.3. The AOD and a were inversed by using the long-term measurement data from sun-photometer in several typical regions of china influenced by straw burning, dust, and sunny day. Also, given the source of aerosols, conclusion can be achieved and confirmed with the observed data and retrieved results. The optical characteristic of aerosol influenced by straw burning and dust was analyzed. The results provide the beneficial reference for organic black carbon aerosol optical properties of detection method and the urban areas of northwest China desert degree affected by the surrounding.4. The AOD and a were inversed by using the measurement data from sun-photometer in Delingha, Ledu, Daocheng, Hefei which are all typical regions of China. The AOD and a of diurnal mean value variation, monthly mean value variation, seasonal variation and frequency distribution are presented. It has important referenc value to get the difference of aerosol optical characteristic in typical regions of China for climatic change, temporal and spatial distribution of aerosol and application of optical engineering. |
| 中文关键词 | 大气气溶胶 ; 消光系数 ; 吸收系数 ; 气溶胶光学厚度 ; Angstrom指数 |
| 英文关键词 | atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient absorption coefficient aerosol optical depth angstrom index |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 大气物理学与大气环境 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287727 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 宫纯文. 大气气溶胶光学参数测量方法及特征研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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