Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黄河内蒙古河段异源水沙输移特性研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on transport characteristics of water and sediment from different sources in Inner Mongolian reach of the Yellow River |
| 彭文昌 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 拓万全 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 悬移质是河流泥沙输移的主要方式之一，对河道形态、洪水特性、河道生态变化及河口的地貌沉积等具有巨大的影响。研究表明，冲积型河流悬移质输移过程可以分为两大类：水沙同源和水沙异源。同源水沙关系的河流，流量-含沙量经常表现出相同的峰值关系。依据流量-含沙量之间的关系，国内外学者建立了适用于多数同源水沙关系河流的流量与含沙量幂函数关系(C=aQb，其中，a与b为常数项)。而异源型水沙关系的河流，因受泥沙供给量、河流流量、悬移质粒径大小等因素的影响，流量-含沙量会出现多种多样的表现形式，比如大的径流中含沙量却很低，或者小的径流中出现高浓度含沙量，流量-含沙量之间的关系也会呈现出一种非线性的变化，导致传统的流量与含沙量幂函数关系不能在异源水沙关系的河流中得到应用，进而产生了悬移质泥沙调控，河流治理等方面的问题。目前的研究工作，尚未清楚的给出大流域尺度、沙质河床、水沙异源型河流的流量-含沙量之间的非线性关系。黄河内蒙段石嘴山至巴彦高勒区间，属于典型的沙质河床，冲泻质泥沙主要来源于陇西黄土高原区，而径流则主要来自于上游山区，区间内无外源河流入汇，水沙呈现异源特性，而且水沙关系变化复杂，河道演变剧烈，是研究异源型河流流量-含沙量之间非线性关系的一个典型河段。本文通过对内蒙古河段石嘴山与巴彦高勒水文站1951-2003年的水文数据分析，选取期间13次大流量和29次高含沙事件，结合沙质河道中CQ环的特征与水沙关系曲线经验公式C=aQb进行分析，初步取得以下结论：1.在低比降无外源支流入汇的异源型沙漠河流中CQ环不再以传统的五种关系为主，而变为具有顺时针环与逆时针环的两型两模式特征，即在大流量低含沙量的水沙异源关系中，CQ之间以顺时针环为主；在小流量高含沙量的水沙异源关系中，悬移质呈现超高浓度时，CQ之间以逆时针环为主，当浓度下降时，该种特征变得不再明显，CQ之间的关系变得复杂。2.依靠传统水沙关系曲线C=aQb推导出适用于水沙异源的公式Log10(Ci/SiQi)=Log10a+bLog10(C/SQ)，变形得到用于计算下游出口站悬移质浓度的方程Ci=aS1-bQ1-bCb。方程分为两种形式，第一种由13次大流量事件中的数据计算得出，针对的是大水小沙的水沙异源特点，方程为：Ci=0.0949*Q0.4219C0.5781（R=0.71，P<0.0001）；第二种由29次高含沙量事件的数据计算得出，针对的是大沙小水的水沙异源特征，方程为：Ci=0.8006*Q0.0765C0.9235（R=0.86，P<0.0001）。在公式中Q是石嘴山站的流量，C是石嘴山站的悬移质浓度，Ci是巴彦高勒的悬移质浓度。 |
| 英文摘要 | Suspended sediment is one of the main methods of sediment transport in rivers, which has great influence on the morphology, flood characteristics, ecology of downstream channels and estuaries. In some researchs, according to the sources of water and sediment, the transport way of river suspended sediment can be divided into two categories: the same sources of water and sediment and the different sources of water and sediment. The discharge and sediment of homology of water and sediment always show the similar varation pattern. Depending on the relationship of discharge and sediment, some scholars and researchers built a power function relationship that suit most rivers which have homologous relationship (C=aQb, a and b are constant). Because sediment supply, river flow, and the size of the suspension affect the rivers which have different sources of water and sediment, these rivers always appear in various patterns on discharge and sediment, such as higher runoff with lower suspended sediment concentration (SSC) levels (HR-LS) and lower runoff with higher SSC values (HS). The relationship between discharge and sediment becomes nonlinear, and the traditional power function relationship is unsuitable for modeling sediment transport when wash load transport is mismatched between water and sediment sources. This problem has brought some troubles on suspended sediment regulation and river governance. By now, no one has established a relationship on discharge and sediment of a large scale basin, sandy river bed, water and sediment heterogeneous river.The water and sediment in Inner Mongolia between Shizuishan and Bayangaole reaches of the Yellow River are from different regions. This wash load sediment originates from the Loess region of Longxi, with the high runoff mainly originating from the rocky mountains of its upstream basin. There is no other rivers flow into this region, and the relationship on discharge and sediment always appear in various patterns. Therefore, this region is a typical section to study the nonlinear relationship on the water and sediment heterogeneous river.Based on the analysis of hydrological data of Shizuishan and Bayangaole hydrological stations from 1951 to 2003, we selected 13 times of high runoffs (HR) events and 29 times of high suspended sediment concentration (SSC) flows events. In combination with the characteristics of the CQ ring and the empirical water and sediment relationship curve of C=aQb, the following conclusions were obtained:River with different sources of water and sediment which CQ ring was no longer fit the traditional five kinds of relationship. It changed into two styles, i.e. clockwise loop and counter clockwise loop. In HR-LS, CQ relationship was mainly clockwise loop. In super HS, CQ relationship was mainly counter clockwise loop. However, when the SSC decreased, CQ relationships no longer followed this characteristic and became complex.Relying on traditional water and sediment curve C=aQb, we deduced a formula Log10(Ci/SiQi)=Log10a+bLog10(C/SQ) that suited the heterogeneous water and sediment river. This formula could be changed as Ci=aS1-bQ1-bCb after deduction. It contained two forms. First one came from the 13 times of high runoffs events, Ci=0.0949*Q0.4219C0.5781（R=0.71，P<0.0001）,which aimed at higher runoff with lower SSC levels. Second one came from the 29 times of high suspended sediment concentration flows events, Ci=0.8006*Q0.0765C0.9235（R=0.86，P<0.0001）, which aimed at lower runoff with higher SSC values. Q was the discharge of shizuishan station, C was the suspended sediment concentration of shizuishan station and Ci was the suspended sediment concentration of Bayangaole station. |
| 中文关键词 | 内蒙古河段 ; 水沙异源 ; 输移特性 |
| 英文关键词 | Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River Different sources of water and sediment Transport characteristics |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 防灾减灾工程及防护工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287712 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 彭文昌. 黄河内蒙古河段异源水沙输移特性研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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