Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 中国荒漠区锦鸡儿属植物叶片表皮微形态和结构特征 对生境的适应性研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Adaptive studies on leaf epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of Caragana species to different habitats in desert areas of China |
| 李蒙蒙 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 刘玉冰 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 锦鸡儿属植物广泛分布于我国西北干旱、半干旱草原区和荒漠区，属于典型的荒漠植物，在荒漠植被生态恢复与重建中有着重要的作用。本研究以自然分布或人工固沙种植于我国荒漠化区域（从东到西包括：辽宁省、内蒙古自治区、宁夏自治区、甘肃省、新疆维吾尔自治区）的15种锦鸡儿属植物叶片表皮微形态与叶肉结构适应特征为研究对象，将形态结构特征进行数量化整理，通过分层聚类分析法进行聚类、模糊数学隶属函数值法进行抗旱能力综合评价、主成分特征值法分析重要抗旱特征以及变异系数法进行生态适应性比较，分析不同锦鸡儿属植物对干旱环境的适应以及同种锦鸡儿植物对不同干旱梯度环境的适应能力。主要研究结果如下：(1)分层聚类分析表明，15种锦鸡儿属植物分为四类，第一类包括小叶锦鸡儿、卷叶锦鸡儿、鬼箭锦鸡儿和狭叶锦鸡儿，主要特征以叶片厚度较小、叶肉组织结构紧实度和上表皮气孔密度较大为主；第二类包括黄刺条、绢毛锦鸡儿、荒漠锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿，主要特征是绒毛盖度最大；第三类包括南口锦鸡儿、树锦鸡儿和刺叶锦鸡儿，主要特征是栅栏组织厚度和叶肉组织紧实度最小、蜡质层盖度偏大；第四类包括红花锦鸡儿、甘蒙锦鸡儿、短脚锦鸡儿和秦晋锦鸡儿，主要特征是绒毛盖度最小，气孔大小偏大。(2)模糊数学隶属函数值的计算结果表明，15种锦鸡儿属植物的抗旱能力排列由大到小为：卷叶锦鸡儿>荒漠锦鸡儿>短脚锦鸡儿>狭叶锦鸡儿>柠条锦鸡儿>小叶锦鸡儿>红花锦鸡儿>鬼箭锦鸡儿>甘蒙锦鸡儿>黄刺条>刺叶锦鸡儿>绢毛锦鸡儿>南口锦鸡儿>树锦鸡儿>秦晋锦鸡儿。同种锦鸡儿属植物随着生境干旱程度的增加，其抗旱能力也增加。(3)主成分特征值分析的载荷系数和特征向量数据结果表明，叶片厚度、表皮细胞厚度和蜡质层盖度在锦鸡儿属植物适应旱生环境的过程中占有重要地位，这三种结构对提高叶片保水能力、降低植物蒸腾有重要作用，因而对增强植物的抗旱能力具有重要贡献。(4)变异系数分析结果表明，降雨量偏少、蒸发量偏大、温度偏高的生境下变异系数值比较大。5种小叶锦鸡儿、2种荒漠锦鸡儿、3种柠条锦鸡儿、2种红花锦鸡儿和2种刺叶锦鸡儿属植物同种内分析表明,在生境条件越差的环境下，他们的适应能力都越强。(5)叶片形态结构特征指标与生境因子相关性分析结果表明，叶片厚度、叶肉组织结构紧实度、上表皮气孔密度、表皮绒毛盖度与降雨量之间均呈显著的负相关关系，说明降雨量对叶片形态结构的影响最显著。研究结果表明，锦鸡儿属植物叶片表皮微形态与叶肉结构特征能在很大程度上反映植物对环境的适应性，通过形态结构特征的改变来积极适应不同的环境。相同的结构特征指标对不同植物的抗旱能力贡献率不同，随着生境降水量的减少，植物抗旱能力增强，其生态适应性更广。 |
| 英文摘要 | Caragana species are widely distributed in grasslands and desert regions in arid and semi-arid areas of northwest China. It is a typical desert plant and has an important role in ecological restoration and reconstruction in desert vegetation. Our study areas were selected in natural or artificial sand-fixation desert regions of China, from east to west including Liaoning Province, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Ningxia autonomous region, Gansu Province, Xinjiang uygur autonomous region. The adaptive characteristics of leaf epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of fifteen Caragana species were analysed to evaluate the adaptation of various Caragana species to the drought environment and the same Caragana species to different gradient drought conditions. In this study, morphological and structural characteristics was quantified and classified by hierarchical cluster analysis, comprehensive drought-resistance was evaluated by mathematics subordinate function method, the main drought-resistance characteristics were analysed by the method of principal component eigenvalue, and the ecological adaptability were compared by the variation coefficient method. The main results were as follows:(1) Hierarchical cluster analysis show that the fifteen Caragana species were divided into four groups, the first group includes C. microphylla, C. ordosica , C. jubata and C. brachypoda, and their main characteristics were smaller value of blade thickness, higher values of mesophyll structural compactness and stomata density of adaxial surface; the second group includes C. frutex, C. hololeuca,C. roborvskyi and C. korshinskii, and the main characteristic was higher trichome coverage on the leaf surface; the third group includes C. zahlbruckneri, C. arborescens and C. acanthophylla, and the main characteristics were smallest value of palisade tissue thickness and ratio of palisade to blade thickness, higher cuticle wax coverage; the fourth group includes C. rosea, C. opulens, C. stenophylla and C. purdomii, and main characteristics were smallest trichome coverage andlarger stomatal size.(2) According to the subordinate function values, drought-resistance ability of fifteen Caragana species was as the follows: C. ordosica> C. roborvskyi > C. stenophylla > C. brachypoda > C. korshinskii > C. microphylla > C. rosea > C. jubata > C. opulens > C. frutex > C. acanthophylla > C. hololeuca > C. zahlbruckneri > C. arborescens > C. purdomii. The drought-resistance ability of the same Caragana species in different regions increased with the increasing drought stress level.(3) The load coefficient of principal component analysis and characteristic vector data show that leaf thickness, epidermal cell thickness and cuticle wax coverage played important roles in the process of Caragana species adapted to xerophytic environment. These structures are important in improving the capacity of leaf water retention and reducing plant transpiration, so they made an important contribution to enhance drought-resistance ability of plants.(4) The results of variation coefficient analysis show that the variation coefficient value was larger in the habitats of small precipitation, high evaporation and temperature. The adaptability of plants in the all five C. microphylla species, two C. roborvskyi species, three C. korshinskii species, two C. rosea species and two C. acanthophylla species increased with the increasing drought stress level.(5) The correlation analysis between morphological and structural parameters and environmental factors show that the leaf thickness, ratio of palisade to blade thickness, epidermal stomatal density and epidermal trichome coverage were significantly negative to precipitation, indicating that the effect of rainfall on the morphology and structure of leaf was the most significant, the leaf morphological structure was the most obvious respond to precipitation.These results show that, to a large extent, leaf epidermal micromorphology and mesophyll structure of Caragana species can reflect the adaptability of plants to the environment. Plants can actively adapt to different habitats by changing morphological and structural features. The same structural characteristic parameter has different contribution to drought-resistance ability in different plants, and the drought-resistance ability and ecological adaptability increased with the decreased precipitation in the habitats. |
| 中文关键词 | 锦鸡儿属 ; 叶片 ; 叶肉结构 ; 表皮微形态 ; 生态适应性 |
| 英文关键词 | Caragana Leaf Mesophyll structure Epidermal micromorphology Ecological adaptability |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生物工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287704 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李蒙蒙. 中国荒漠区锦鸡儿属植物叶片表皮微形态和结构特征 对生境的适应性研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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