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| 河西荒漠绿洲区甜叶菊对土壤适应性研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study of the adaptability of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni to soil in Hexi desert oasis |
| 董海涛 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 孙宏义 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 甜叶菊作为甙类甜味剂植物在我国种植面积不断扩大，种植地由南方扩展到了北方，其中甘肃河西荒漠绿洲区成为国内甜叶菊的主产地之一。河西荒漠绿洲区的甜叶菊，叶片产量高，叶片中决定甜叶菊价值的糖甙含量也高，因而甜叶菊在河西荒漠绿洲区得到了迅速的发展，目前种植面积达到2600公顷。由于绿洲和荒漠交错区的存在，相对于老熟农田，新开垦的农田或者开垦几年的农田，土壤中的高含沙量和高盐碱性，导致甜叶菊生长经济产量不稳定或者不能增长。这样，甜叶菊在近荒漠绿洲地区的发展存在着对土壤适应性的科学问题。针对这一问题，本文研究了河西荒漠绿洲区甜叶菊的生长节律、光合特性，以及试验条件下的土壤风沙土含量和NaCl含量对甜叶菊生长的影响。本文的主要研究结果如下： 1. 河西荒漠绿洲区甜叶菊生长节律：育苗阶段（温室），种子播种后9d萌发，然后经过30d的缓慢生长期，最后进入20d快速生长期；移栽阶段（大田），表现为移栽后经过7d的缓苗期、60d的慢速生长期和30d的快速生长期。 2. 河西荒漠绿洲区大田甜叶菊光合特性：大田甜叶菊净光合速率日变化呈现双峰曲线，存在“光合午休”现象，甜叶菊净光合速率最高峰出现时间为13：00时和16:00时，最高峰平均值为(11.79±1.67)、(9.95±1.05) umol·m-2·s-1。蒸腾速率日变化呈“单峰型”，日平均值为5.99±0.54mmol·m-2·s-1；气孔导度变化趋势与蒸腾速率相似，日变化平均值为：0.15±0.01mol·m-2·s-1；甜叶菊水分利用效率平均值为1.769 umol CO2·mmol-1 H2O。 3. 农田土壤中风沙土含量对甜叶菊生长的影响：土壤中风沙土含量对甜叶菊生长的影响可概括为“低促高抑”效应，存在一个甜叶菊获得最大增产的最佳土壤风沙土含量范围，即当土壤风沙土含量为20%时，甜叶菊长势最好，干叶产量能显著增长5.7%。随土壤风沙土含量的增加，土壤含水量逐渐减少，甜叶菊株高，叶、茎生物量表现为先升高后减少；根系长度表现为逐渐增加，基径逐渐变细，根部生物量逐渐减少。 4. NaCl胁迫对甜叶菊生长的影响：甜叶菊移栽苗能忍受的Na+浓度范围为0~140 mmol/L；与对照相比，38 mmol/L Na+浓度下，甜叶菊移栽苗干叶产量显著提高16.5%，叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度分别显著提高12.6%，16.7%，18.7%，14.8%。Na+浓度大于38 mmol/L时，产量和光合作用逐渐下降，Na+浓度为150 mmol/L时，甜叶菊移栽苗全部死亡。因此，NaCl胁迫对甜叶菊移栽苗生长的影响表现为低促高抑效应，即0~44 mmol/L Na+浓度下，NaCl处理对甜叶菊移栽苗生长具有促进作用，大于44.5mmol/L时，甜叶菊光合参数，干叶产量，长势等将低于对照；大于140mmol/L，甜叶菊将不能存活。 |
| 英文摘要 | The planting area of Stevia Rebaudiana as glycosides sweeteners expands unceasingly in our country. This area extends from the south to the north region in China, Hexi desert oasis of Gansu has become one of the main stevia rebaudiana producing areas. Leaves of stevia rebaudiana in Hexi desert oasis have a high yield and high content of glycocide that determined the value of stevia. So, stevia has been rapid development in the Hexi desert oasis, the planting area of 2600 hm2. Because of the staggered oases existed between oasis and desert, due to soil sediment concentration higher than mature farmland and high salinity of soil in newly reclaimed farmland or farmland reclamation years, leading to stevia growth economic production is unstable or can not grow much. So, there is a scientific problem about the adaptability of stevia to soil in Hexi desert oasis. Aiming at the issue, this paper study the growth rhythm of stevia and photosythetic characteristics, and study effect of farmland sand content and NaCl stress on stevia rebaudiana growth. The main results of this paper are as follows:1. Growth rhythms of Stevia Rebaudiana in Hexi area: In the seedling stage, seeds germinate after 9d sowing and get into the 20d rapid growth stage after 30d slow growth stage; after transplanting, growth rhythms show as follows: 7d slow seedling stage, 60d slow growth stage and 30d rapid growth stage. 2. Photosynthetic characteristics of Stevia Rebaudiana field in Hexi desert oasis: The diurnal change of net photosynthetic rate of stevia rebaudiana field shows a double-peak curve and an existence of “midday depression of photosynthesis”, peak values Pn of stevia rebaudiana leaves appear at 13:00 and 16:00, the peak values Pn of stevia rebaudiana leaves are (11.79±1.67) and (9.95±1.05) umol·m-2·s-1 respectively. The diurnal change of transpiration rate shows a single-peak curve with the diurnal average as 5.99±0.54mmol·m-2·s-1; the stomatal conductance changing trend is similar to that of the transpiration rate, with the average of diurnal change as 0.15±0.01mol·m-2·s-1; and the average of water use efficiency of stevia rebaudiana is 1.769 umol CO2·mmol-1 H2O. 3. Effect of farmland sand content on Stevia Rebaudiana growth: The influence of sand content on stevia rebaudiana growth can be summarized as an effect that “promoting at the low level and inhibiting at the high level”, namely, there exists an optimal sand content range to ensure a maximum yield of stevia rebaudiana. When the soil sand content that artificially added is 20%(i.e. the sand content is 70%), stevia rebaudiana grows best and the stem leaf yield can be significantly increased by 5.7%. With the increase of sand content, soil water content gradually decreases; the plant height and the leaf & stem biomass of stevia rebaudiana increase first and then decrease; and the root length becomes longer, but the basal diameter gradually narrows and the root biomass decreases by degrees. 4. Effect of NaCl stress on Stevia Rebaudiana growth: Transplanted seedlings of stevia rebaudiana can bear a concentration range of Na+ between 0~140mmol/L; compared with the control group, the stem leaf yield of transplanted seedlings of stevia rebaudiana is increased by 16.5% with a 38mmol/L Na+ concentration, and the leaf net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, the water use efficiency and the stomatal conductance degree are significantly increased by 12.6%, 16.7%, 18.7% and 14.8% respectively. When the Na+ concentration is above 38mmol/L, the yield and the photosynthesis decrease little by little, and all transplanted seedlings of stevia rebaudiana die with a 150mmol/L Na+ concentration. So, NaCl effect on transplanted seedling growth of stevia rebaudian is promoting at the low level and inhibiting at the high level. In other words, when the Na+ concentration is 0~44mmol/L, NaCl treatment has a promoting role on transplanted seedlings growth of stevia rebaudiana; when the Na+ concentration is above 44.5mmol/L, the photosynthetic parameters, the stem leaf yield and the growth rate of stevia rebaudiana will be lower than those of the control group; and when the Na+ concentration is above 140mmol/L, stevia rebaudiana will not survive. |
| 中文关键词 | 甜叶菊 ; 河西荒漠绿洲区 ; 生长节律 ; 适应性 ; 光合作用 |
| 英文关键词 | Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Hexi desert oasis growth rhythm adaptability photosynthesis. |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287679 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 董海涛. 河西荒漠绿洲区甜叶菊对土壤适应性研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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