Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 不同灌溉方式对干旱区耕地土壤水盐分布及运移的影响-不同灌溉方式对干旱区耕地土壤水盐分布及运移的影响 | |
| 其他题名 | The Distribution of Soil Water and Salt Under Different Rrrigation modes in Arid Farmland —A Case Study in Typical Irrigation Area in the Middle Reaches of the Manas River |
| 陈文玲 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 冉圣宏 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 近10年来，受水资源限制影响，玛纳斯河中游灌区灌溉方式由原来的大水漫灌逐渐转变为膜下滴灌,灌溉方式的变化会影响到土壤水盐的再分配（李宝富等，2010）。本文以玛纳斯河中游灌区为例，在自然条件相似的区域选择典型样地，基于野外采样和实验室测试数据，采用Excel以及SPSS18.0软件中的非参数相关样本的Wilcoxin符号秩检验、变异系数等统计方法，定量研究漫灌、滴灌棉田土壤盐分含量、分布以及变化特征。最后，基于HYDRUS-1D模型模拟不同灌水强度下漫灌、滴灌棉田土壤盐分的分布特征。本文的主要结论如下：（1）不同灌溉方式对棉田土壤盐分的影响：（a）从土层角度分析，漫灌棉田0-100cm整个剖面土层以及各土层土壤平均盐分值低于滴灌棉田；漫灌棉花生长期内土壤盐分主要集中在40-60cm土层，而滴灌棉田土壤盐分主要集中在20-40cm土层。从时间角度分析，漫灌棉田0-100cm整个剖面土层以及各土层盐分峰值出现的时间早于滴灌棉田； 6月或7月是漫灌、滴灌棉田垂直土层盐分分布比较均匀的时间。（b）两种灌溉方式下灌溉初期棉田土壤盐分垂直分布相对于末期更均匀；灌溉初期和末期滴灌棉田土壤盐分垂向分布相对于漫灌棉田更均匀；灌溉初期，除了表层外，其余土层土壤盐分含量在漫、滴灌方式下差异显著；灌溉末期，所研究土层土壤盐分含量在漫、滴灌方式下差异显著。（c）漫灌棉田各层土壤阴、阳离子含量均低于滴灌棉田；随着土层深度的增加，漫灌棉田土壤阴离子在剖面层的分布较滴灌棉田均匀，而漫灌棉田土壤阳离子呈现出不断增多或者是主要集中在20-60cm土层的趋势，滴灌棉田土壤阳离子主要集中在0-40cm土层。（d）随着层深度的增加，荒地各层土壤盐分含量均比较高，漫灌棉田土壤盐分含量逐渐减小，滴灌棉田土壤盐分表现为表层脱盐，中部积盐，下部盐分减少的趋势；不同灌溉方式下剖面层土壤盐分的变异系数为：荒地最小，漫灌棉田最大，而滴灌棉田呈现出先减小，至灌溉大约4年时达到最小，随后又逐渐增大的趋势。（2）不同灌溉方式对棉田土壤水分的影响：（a）漫灌棉田土壤含水量分层规律较滴灌棉田明显，并且在棉花生长期内漫灌棉田各层土壤水分的波动幅度均高于滴灌棉田。（b）灌溉方式变化过程中，荒地变为漫灌棉田后，各层土壤含水量有所增加。而由漫灌到滴灌棉田各层土壤含水量有不同程度的减少，但随着滴灌年限的增加，土壤含水量呈现出波动上升的趋势。 （3）基于HYDRUS-1D模型模拟分析不同灌水强度对漫灌、滴灌棉田土壤盐分影响显著；随着灌水强度的增大，两种灌溉棉田土壤积盐区位置下移，同时土壤脱盐率和积盐量相应增大；然而，漫灌棉田土壤脱盐效果比滴灌棉田明显。研究结论对减缓土壤盐渍化、指导灌溉施肥管理以及改善可持续土地利用的可能措施均有积极意义。 |
| 英文摘要 | In recent 10 years, affected by the limit of water resources, the way from flood irrigation gradually was into a film with drip irrigation at irrigation area in midstream of Manas river,the change of irrigation methods will affect the redistribution of soil water and salt [1]. In this paper, sampling in actual agricultural fields, laboratory analysis of soil samples and statistical analysis methods were used to quantitatively analyze soil salinity changes under different irrigation methods in midstream of Manasriver. Finally, based on HYDRUS -1D model, we simulated the distribution characteristics of soil salt under different irrigation intensity on both irrigation modes.The results showed that：(1) The influence of different irrigation modes on soil salt distribution characteristics:(a)Analysis from the aspect of the soil layer，in flood irrigation cotton fields the average soil salt of the whole and each soil layer was lower than that in drip irrigation cotton fields；the salt of flood irrigation cotton field mainly concentrated in 40 to 60 cm soil layers, while soil salt of drip irrigation cotton field concentrated in 20 to 40 cm soil layers in the cotton growth period;the soil salt content of each soil layer on drip irrigation mode was more uniform than that on flood irrigation mode in the cotton growth period. Analysis from the aspect of the time, the peak salt of 0-100 cm soil and each layer on flood irrigation mode appeared earlier than that on drip irrigation mode; June or July was the period that the most uniform distribution of vertical soil salt on both irrigation modes in the cotton growth period. (b)At the beginning and the end of the irrigation， the average soil salt of the whole layer in drip irrigation cotton fields was higher than that in flood irrigation cotton fields;The vertical distribution uniformity of the cotton soil in April was higher than in August under different irrigation modes; The vertical distribution uniformity of the cotton soil under the drip irrigation was higher than under the flood irrigation in both April and August; In April, except for the surface layer ,soil salt content of the rest of the soil layers were statistically significant under both irrigation modes. However, in August soil salt content of all the soil layers were statistically significant under both irrigation modes. (c) The content of anion and cation at each layer under flood irrigation mode was lower than drip irrigation mode. With the increase of soil depth,the distribution of soil anion in the profile layer under flood irrigation mode was more uniform than drip mode. While Soil cation under flood irrigation mode presented a growing trend or mainly concentrated in the 20 cm to 60 cm soil profile, soil cation under drip irrigation mode was mainly concentrated in the 0 cm to 40 cm soil layer. (d) With the increase of soil depth, the soil salt content are relatively high in the deserted field; the salt content of flood irrigation cotton gradually reduced;the soil salt content of drip irrigation cotton characterized by surface desalination, salt deposition in central layer, in the bottom layer the salt reduction; Vertical soil salt of variation coefficient under different irrigation methods characterized by the minimum in wasteland, the maximum in flood irrigation cotton fields,and located in the central of drip irrigation cotton showed reduction at first, the minimum after irrigation about 4 years，then gradual increase; With the increase of soil depth the soil salt, variation coefficient of each soil layer showed the volatilitly downward trend in the process of irrigation mode conversion.(2) The influence of different irrigation modes on soil water distribution characteristics:(a)The stratified rule of soil moisture on flood irrigation was more obvious than on drip irrigation mode. And volatility in the layers of soil water in flood irrigation mode were higher than in drip irrigation cotton during the cotton growth period.(b) In the process of the irrigation modes, when waste land turned into flood irrigation cotton fields, moisture content of each soil layer increased. By flood irrigation to drip irrigation cotton the soil moisture content of each layer was lower.Along with the increasing length of drip irrigation, soil moisture content presented a trend of fluctuation. (3) Based on analysis of HYDRUS-1D modelDifferent irrigation intensity has significant effects on soil salt on both irrigation modes；With the increase of irrigation intensity，soil salification area position was down on both irrigation modes ，at the same time soil desalting rate and the accumulated salt increased accordingly; However, soil desalting on flood irrigation mode was more obvious than on drip irrigation mode. These results can benefit for irrigation and fertilization management and suggest possible measures to improve sustainable land use. |
| 中文关键词 | 干旱区 ; 灌溉方式 ; 土壤水盐 ; 分布特征 ; 玛纳斯河中游灌区 |
| 英文关键词 | arid areas irrigation mode irrigation area in midstream of Manas river the soil water and salt distribution characteristics |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287649 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 陈文玲. 不同灌溉方式对干旱区耕地土壤水盐分布及运移的影响-不同灌溉方式对干旱区耕地土壤水盐分布及运移的影响[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
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