Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 生物质资源禀赋及供需关系分析 | |
| 其他题名 | CHANGE OF BIOMASS RESOURCE ENDOWMENT and the Relationship of Demand and Supply |
| 李娜 | |
| 出版年 | 2016 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 谢高地 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本文以MODIS数据为基础，结合多种地理要素、气象数据等指标，估算了我国2000和2010年生物质资源的存储量，进一步了解我国林产品资源、畜牧产品资源和干草地资源的储蓄情况。并依据MODIS的NPP产品，计算了生物质资源的年更新生产力。通过统计数据，进一步整理得到我国每年各省人均林产品消费量、人均粮食消费量，秸秆消耗量及畜牧产品对干草的消耗量。依据生态产品的供需关系理论，评价林产品资源、农产品资源和畜牧产品资源的年内消耗供需情况，并进一步对我国生物质资源的存储量消耗情况作了分析。得出以下结论：（1）经过生物量的估算，得到我国生物质资源的分布情况，空间上分布不均匀，受土壤、气候及地形条件等的影响，呈现出东南高、西北低的分布情况。2010年数据而言，我国陆地植被生态系统生物量总计约为22.7Pg(1Pg=1015g)，平均生物量密度为2611.5g/m2, 其中生物质资源储存最多的为森林，占整个生态系统的80%以上；其次是农田、湿地，生物量分别为3.43Pg和1.88Pg，所占总生物质资源比例均在5%以上，再次是草地，荒漠的生物质资源储量最少，仅占比例0.17%。全国生物资源的高值区只要分布于西南地区、东北和内蒙古地区的森林带，沿海地区生物质资源储量比内陆丰富，说明水热条件对生物质资源的分配影响很大。根据各省份常住人口数，得到人均生物量分布情况，全国人均生物量为17t,其中人均生物量最高的为西藏，人均生物量超过了500t；其次是青海，人均生物量为63t；最低的为上海，人均生物量为0.3t。 (2) 根据2010年NPP数据，年总NPP均值为2.63 PgC（1 Pg=1015g），年平均NPP均值为353.17gC/（m2·年）。从各省NPP均值分级图可以看出，南方各省的单位面积NPP值明显高于北方和西北地区，其中云南省的NPP均值最大，约为841.22 gC/（m2·年），青海和新疆地区NPP均值非常小,远低于我国的NPP均值的平均水平。NPP总量虽然受植被类型影响，但是其主要取决于省内植被面积。总体上，北方的内蒙古、黑龙江及西南和华南各省的NPP总量较高，而东部沿海和西北的新疆、青海的NPP总量较低，其中云南省的NPP总量最大，约0.32Pg，占我国NPP总量的12.39%。可以看出，各省的NPP总量空间格局与均值分布特征不同，东部沿海各省和中部的部分地区，虽然其NPP均值较高，但其省域面积小，其NPP总量较小。而内蒙古和黑龙江两省的NPP均值小，但是由于其植被面积较大，其NPP总量较高。（3）林产品资源年内消耗供需，统计的31个省中2000年有14个省处于消费超载状态，年林产品生产量不能满足当年消耗。到2010年赤字省份有所减少，但仍有超过1/3的地区处于林产品消耗超载状态。29%的地区年林产品产量和消耗量供需达到平衡。全国34省份10年林产品产量满足当年消耗量，并且部分地区林产品年剩余量还有富余，可以为其他林产品资源短缺区提供供应。截止到2010年，我国林产品资源生产力大部分省份可以满足国内省份需求，只有个别地区如上海、北京、天津和江苏等快速发展的城市，社会经济发展迅速，木材产品需求量比较大，因此年度生产更新力不足或刚好满足本年度林产品需求量。上海、江苏和天津、北京等地区林产品消费需求大于林产品资源储存量，供需关系进展。我国粮食和秸秆供应总量上基本满足国内需求。我国粮食的国内供应率稳定在95%以上，根据我国年粮食产量基本满足年粮食消耗量。而且，据估算中央、地方总储备量约占年产量的20%以上，高于联合国建议的18%。秸秆资源绝大部分省份处于富富有余状态，主要体现在我国对秸秆资源利用效率低。消费的多元化趋势明显。人们饮食结构的改变，更注重粮食安全的保障。随着国际上粮食贸易的交流，也应根据国内的粮食生产国情适当地控制进口粮食的数量，以免引起“谷贱伤农”的局面，进一步对粮食安全带来长期隐患。我国草地资源在总量上计算提供的干草可以满足绝大部分省内干草量需求，然而实际干草的质量在很大程度上不能达标，需要靠进口。苜蓿作为畜牧业的主要原料，被我国广泛使用。然而，我国苜蓿种植单位面积产量低、品质差，总量供应不足，优质苜蓿尤为紧缺。因此，我国从07年开始苜蓿干草进口量逐年攀升，到2010年已经达到了22万吨。苜蓿进口对我国干草产业构成了压力，因此我们应该积极鼓励发展国内苜蓿业，积极制定发展措施，加大设备投资力度，提高产业技术，防范对本国企业产业的冲击。 |
| 英文摘要 | In this study, we predicted above and underground biomass of China terrestrial ecosystem in 2010, using MODIS standard products including the NDVI, LAI, as well as climate data (temperature, precipitation), topography (latitude, longitude, elevation) and statistical data (grain dry weight) by multiple linear regression model. According to the results，we can obtain the following conclusions. Using the theory of supply and demand, we envaluate the relation between supply and demand of every province of China.Firstly, the biomass vary differently in spatial distribution, the high value occurred in the Great Canyon Region of Yalungzangbo River, Southeast of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Hengduan Mountains, Xing’an Mountains in Mongolia autonomous region and the Northeast regions, Changbai Mountains in the Northeast regions, the plain and hilly regions in east and southeast of China. The low biomass values were primarily distributed in north and northwest regions, where it is mostly desert and few plants.The above and underground biomass of China was estimated to 22.7Pg (1Pg=1015g) in 2010. Forest ecosystem is the largest total biomass, which represents about 80% of the whole terrestrial ecosystem. Desert had minimum biomass value in the terrestrial ecosystem, only 0.35Pg, share of biomass to 0.17 percent in 2010. The biomass density in forest ecosystem is also larger when compared with other terrestrial ecosystems, while desert is the least in the entire ecosystem.biomass distribution differences exist in all provinces. Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Mongolia occupied the top three largest biomass storage, more than 8% of China, while Shanghai and Tianjin are minimum among all provinces, less than 0.1% of the country’s. The three highest biomass densities is Fujian, Zhejiang, Hainan, which are all over the 6000g/m2 in 2010, whereas the average biomass is less than 1000g/m2 in Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia, with a wealth of natural resources and sparse population. Tebat has the maximum biomass per capita 540t in 2010. Shanghai with high population densities and minimum space, had only less than 0.3t biomass per individual. For Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Beijing and Hainan, with negative growth of biomass per capita, the data clearly indicates that these regions with fragile ecological carrying capacity.Secondly, in 2010, the total of NPP is 2.63 PgC, the average of NPP is 353.17gC/（m2·yr）.According to the classification map of NPP , the value of the South is higher than the North. Yunan provice have the highest value of NPP IS 841.22 gC/（m2·yr）, Qinghai and Tebat has the least lower than the national average value. The value of NPP depends on vegeation area of province,not only on type of vegetation. Totally, high value of NPP distribute in Mongalia and Heilongjiang of the North and the South China. Low NPP value distribute in he East cosatal area and Qinghai, Xinjiang. The east and middle provinces of China have the high average of NPP but less total NPP. Mongolia and Heilongjiang have low average of NPP, but high total NPP because of large area.Thirdly, the year consumption of forest product resources, statistics of 31 provinces in 2000 there are 14 provinces in consumption overload state.To the 2010 deficit provinces has decreased, but still more than a third of the region is in a state of forest product consumption overload.29% of the region in forest products production and consumption of supply and demand equilibrium.The output of forest products to meet the consumption 10 years in 34 provinces, and the residual amount in forest products and spare parts, can provide the supply for other forest products resource shortage area.By 2010, most provinces can meet the demand of domestic provinces of forest product resources productivity, only a few areas such as Shanghai, Beijing, tianjin and jiangsu rapid development of city, social and economic development is rapid, wood products demand is bigger, so the annual update production force is insufficient or just meet the demand of forest products on an annual basis.Shanghai, jiangsu, Beijing and Tianjin areas such as forest products consumption demand is greater than the forest product resources storage, supply and demand.The supply of grain and straw can meet the domestic demand basically in China. The domestic supply rate of grain is more than 95%, so the balance of grain production and consumption will be kept. Moreover, it is estimated that the central and local total reserves account for more than 20% of the annual output, higher than the 18% proposed by the United Nations. Most of the provinces are abundant in the straw resources, because of the low utilization efficiency of straw resources in our country. Accompanying the development of our country, the diversification trend of consumption is appearing obviously. Due to the change in people's diet structure, more attention should be concentrated on the guarantee of food security. With the international food trade, it needs to control the amount of imported food to adapt to the domestic food production conditions, which will avoid the “low prices for grain hurt the peasants” to further threaten food security.The total amount of hay grassland resources will satisfy the demand of most provinces, however, the quality of hay grassland resources cannot meet the standard largely, so more imports are needed. As the main raw material of animal husbandry, alfalfa is widely used in our country. However, China's per unit area of alfalfa planting is in low yield and poor quality, leading to the scarce supply, especially the high quality alfalfa. Therefore, the imports of alfalfa and hay increase gradually since 2007, and the imports have been 220000 tons. The import of alfalfa have threatened the development of hay industry, so we should actively encourage the development of the domestic alfalfa industry, improve the measures to develop, increase equipment investment, promote the technology industry and avoid the import’ influence on domestic enterprises. |
| 中文关键词 | MODIS ; 生物量 ; NPP ; 生物质资源 ; 供需关系 |
| 英文关键词 | MODIS Biomass，NPP Natural of resources，supply and demand |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然资源学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287645 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李娜. 生物质资源禀赋及供需关系分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2016. |
| 条目包含的文件 | 条目无相关文件。 | |||||
| 个性服务 |
| 推荐该条目 |
| 保存到收藏夹 |
| 导出为Endnote文件 |
| 谷歌学术 |
| 谷歌学术中相似的文章 |
| [李娜]的文章 |
| 百度学术 |
| 百度学术中相似的文章 |
| [李娜]的文章 |
| 必应学术 |
| 必应学术中相似的文章 |
| [李娜]的文章 |
| 相关权益政策 |
| 暂无数据 |
| 收藏/分享 |
除非特别说明，本系统中所有内容都受版权保护，并保留所有权利。
