Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物特征及其对人体肺上皮细胞的毒理效应 | |
| 其他题名 | Characteristics of PM2.5 in Urumqi and its Toxicological effect on Human Lung Epithelial Cell |
| 梁琼 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 李笃中 ; 潘响亮 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 近几年，以雾霾为主的大气污染成为我国尤为突出的环境污染问题。大面积的大气污染严重危害着人民的身体健康。在我国，大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）污染已是排名第4的健康危险因素。逐渐增多的相关流行病学和毒理学的研究显示，大气细颗粒物与人类呼吸道疾病、肺部疾病等相关疾病的发病率和死亡率密切相关。大气污染已经成为影响我国小康社会建设、可持续发展和社会和谐的重要因素之一。 本论文对西北干旱区典型城市-乌鲁木齐市采暖期大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）进行采集，研究了乌鲁木齐市采暖期大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）的形态结构、水溶性无机离子特征、微量元素组成以及其对人体肺上皮细胞（A549细胞）毒性效应的影响。利用扫描电镜-X射线能谱仪(SEM-EDX)对不同环境空气质量功能区大气细颗粒物的微观形貌及元素组成进行分析，利用离子色谱(IC)、电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-OES)和全自动化学分析仪对其水溶性无机离子进行检测，此外，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）对其微量元素的含量组成进行测定，使用气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对其有机污染物进行检测；通过体外毒性实验，使用MTT检测法、液相氧电极法研究乌鲁木齐市不同环境空气质量功能区（新市区、米东区、头屯河区、沙依巴克区、天山区、水磨沟区）大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）对人体肺上皮细胞（A549细胞）活力、细胞呼吸作用的影响，使用单细胞凝胶电泳仪技术研究乌鲁木齐市各个环境空气质量功能区大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）对A549细胞DNA的损伤程度的影响，结果表明： （1）乌鲁木齐市不同功能区大气PM2.5整体呈多样性，主要类型有硅铝酸盐、硅铝飞灰、铁氧化物颗粒、硫酸/碳酸盐晶体、钛聚集颗粒物、碳质气溶胶（烟尘集合体、焦油球、不规则碳质颗粒）、富F颗粒和不明物质等，其中硅铝酸盐、硅铝飞灰是各个环境空气质量功能区的主要组成部分。 （2）SO42-、NH4+、NO3-、Cl-这四种离子为乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5中水溶性无机离子的主要组成部分，占全部水溶性无机离子的90.3%。乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物（PM2.5）PH值在3.72~5.76之间，平均值为5.11，其大气气溶胶整体呈偏酸性且其中[NO3-]与[SO42-]的比值小于1，固定源排放仍是乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5中水溶性无机离子的主要来源。 （3）乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5中主要的水溶性（类）金属元素有Al、Mn、Fe、Zn、As等。元素Sr、Mn、Fe、V、Al富集因子值＜10，来源于地壳或者是地表土；Ag、Li、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Cs、Pb富集因子值＞10，来源于人为污染源； Cr、Co、Ni富集因子值有＜10，也有＞10，可能来源于自然源，也有可能来源于人为污染源。 （4）采样期间，乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5中有机污染物链状化合物居多；而含N或含S化合物中胺类的含量稍高。 （5）乌鲁木齐市不同环境空气质量功能区大气PM2.5对A549细胞的存活率均有影响，但其影响程度不同。随着PM2.5暴露浓度的增加以及暴露时间的增长，A549细胞存活率均呈现出一定程度的下降。在暴露时间为6h条件下，乌鲁木齐市不同环境空气质量功能区大气PM2.5对A549细胞的呼吸速率也均有影响，但其影响程度也不同。六个环境空气质量功能区中，综合评价，新市区大气PM2.5的A549细胞的活力及细胞的呼吸作用的影响较大。 （6）乌鲁木齐市各个环境空气质量功能区大气PM2.5悬液对A549细胞DNA的造成的损伤均处于中度损伤水平（2级损伤）以下，综合尾长（Tail Length，TL）、尾部DNA百分含量（Tail DAN%）和Olive 尾矩（Olive Tail Moment，OTM）三个指标评价乌鲁木齐市大气PM2.5对A549细胞DNA的损伤程度，新市区和米东区对A549细胞DNA造成的损伤较为严重，水磨沟区对细胞DNA造成的损伤最弱。 |
| 英文摘要 | In recent years, the air pollution such as haze is becoming a particularly prominent environmental contamination in China. Widely occurred atmospheric pollution is seriously endangering human health. It should be note that the air pollution of fine particles (PM2.5) ranks fourth among all health risk factors. More epidemiological and toxicological data show that PM2.5 is closely associated with morbidity and mortality of human disease such as respiratory disease and lung disease. Air pollution has become one of the important factors which influencing China's sustainable development, the well-off society construction and harmonious society. PM2.5 aerosol samples of Urumqi (a typical city in Arid Area of Northwest China) during the heating period(from October to next April) were collected. Microscopic morphology and elemental composition of PM2.5 were measured using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope with Energy-Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDX). Water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were analyzed by using Ion Chromatography (IC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Automated Discrete Analyzers. The content of trace elements in PM2.5 was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) as well. The organic pollutants were determined by GC-MS. The effects of PM2.5 on A549 cell viability and cell respiration were conducted by MTT and oxygraphy. Cell DNA damage of PM2.5 in six function areas of Urumqi including Xinshi District, Midong District, Toutunhe District, Shayibake District, Tiansha District, Shuimogou District were tested and assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis test in vitro. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The variety of PM2.5 in different function areas of Urumqi could be classified as follows: aluminosilicate/silica mineral, Si–Al rich fly ash, Fe oxide particle, sulfate/carbonate crystal, Ti dominant particle, carbonaceous aerosols (including soot, tar ball and irregularly shaped carbon), F rich particle and some unknown particles. Aluminosilicate/silica mineral, Si–Al rich fly ashes and soot were the primary parts in all functional areas in this study. (2) Water-soluble components including SO42-, NH4+ NO3-, and Cl- were dominant ion in PM2.5 of Urumqi, accounting for 90.3% of total inorganic elements; the pH value of PM2.5 in Urumqi was 5.11 in average, varying from 3.72 to 5.76, it meant that the whole aerosol in Urumqi was partial acid and the mass ratio of [NO3-]/[SO42-] is less than 1, stationary sources was considered to be the major source of water-soluble inorganic ion in PM2.5 of Urumqi. (3) Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, As were the main water soluble metal elements of PM2.5 in Urumqi. The enriehment factors of Sr、Mn、Fe、V、Al was below 10, which indicates that they mainly come from earth’s crust. The enriehment factors of Ag、Li、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Cs、Pb was exceed 10, which demonatrated they were related by anthropic activities. The enriehment factors of Cr、Co、Ni was around 10, which indicated they might from anthropic activities or crust. (4) During the samping period, chain compounds are the primary organic pollutants in the PM2.5 in Urumqi; the concentration of amine is a little higher in the compound which contain S or N. (5) The influence of PM2.5 in different function areas of Urumqi on the cell viability was various. The cell viability significantly increased with the increasing of the exposed concentration and exposed time. It was also significant that the influence of PM2.5 in different function areas of Urumqi on the cell respiration when exposed 6h. The results showed that, the influence of PM2.5 in Xinshi Disrirct on cell respiration was obvious. (6) DNA damage of six function areas of Urumqi were no more than 2nd damage level. Evaluation of Comprehensive (Tail Length, Tail DAN%, Olive Tail Moment) of DNA damage showed that the PM2.5 in Xinshi Disrirct and Midong Disrirct damaged cell DNA seriously, however, Shuimogou Disrirct was n |
| 中文关键词 | 大气细颗粒物 ; 物理化学性质 ; A549细胞 ; 细胞活力 ; DNA损伤 |
| 英文关键词 | PM2.5 physicochemical properties A549 cell cell viability DNA damage |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287620 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 梁琼. 乌鲁木齐市大气细颗粒物特征及其对人体肺上皮细胞的毒理效应[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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