Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 白刺属（白刺科）的系统发育与生物地理研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the genus Nitraria L. (Nitrariaceae) |
| KAMSHAT TEMIRBAYEVA | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 张明理 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 白刺属属于白刺科，是一个盐生的荒漠灌木属，含丰富的资源和咸甜的可食的果实。此属世界上含约10（12）种，具有一个不寻常的世界间断分布。其分布区在旧世界的荒漠以及澳大利亚的荒漠，在印度和南非没有分布。7种在欧洲东南，亚洲的西南和中部以及中国，2种在非洲的北部和西北部，1种在澳大利亚南部和西南部。白刺属植物是中亚平原荒漠植物区系的特征性植物。按照其分布格局，目前仍然有许多有趣的未解之谜。 本研究对采自中国、中东和澳大利亚的8个白刺物种（白刺科共9个物种）进行了系统发育重建，核基因和叶绿体序列支持了白刺属内物种关系为单系，并利用这些数据产生的系统发育树来验证白刺属起源的生物地理假说。 基于6个叶绿体基因序列(rbcL, psbB-psbH, trnL-trnF, rpS16, psbA-trnH, rpS16-trnK)和一个核基因序列(ITS)，我们采用最大简约法(maximum parsimony)，最大似然法(maximum likelihood)和贝叶斯推断法(Bayesian inference)重建了白刺属的白刺科的系统发育关系。 我们的研究主要得到以下结论： 一、白刺科为单系。高支持率（bt = 100 %; pP = 1.00）表明了骆驼蓬属与白刺属之间关系密切。我们的研究结果与前人结论一致。关键词，白刺科，白刺属，骆驼蓬属，分子系统发育，单系，起源地。 二、白刺属为单系及其属下关系。我们的系统发育分析结果表明：泡泡刺和白刺属其它成员之间为姊妹关系，且泡泡刺的分化时间较早（bt = 84 %; pP = 1.00）。白刺属可以分成四个部分（N. sphaerocarpa group, N. retusa group, N. roborowskii and N. tangutorum group）和包含了N. schoberi, N. komarovii, N. sibirica, and N. billardieri的一个组。 三、祖先区域重建（S-Diva）分析，中亚东部的蒙古（A）是白刺属和白刺科的起源地，之后扩散到中亚西部、非洲、澳大利亚。这与之前的假说不同（如：非洲起源假说或者古地中海起源假说）。 |
| 英文摘要 | Nitraria L. belongs to Nitrariaceae family, is a salt desert shrub genus, and has great abundance resources and produces salty-sweet edible fruits (drupe). The genus includes total 10 (12) species in the world, with its unusual disjunct distribution pattern in the deserts of the Old World, with the addition of Australia’s deserts, but absent in South Africa and India. Precisely, there are seven species distributed in SE Europe, SW and Central Asia and China; two species in N, NW Africa and one species in S, SW Australia. Therefore, Nitraria L. is still remaining as a group of “mystery” plants. This genus can be considered as an “emblem” of the Central Asian plain desert flora. It remains unknown about general elements of the desert flora and maybe unit flora of the Old World. In this study eight species of Nitraria (nine species of Nitrariaceae family) were sampled from China, Middle East, North Africa and Australia to reconstruct phylogeny, using sequences of nrDNA and cpDNA regions and test the monophyly of the species within the genus; and use the phylogenetic trees generated from these data to examine previous biogeographic hypotheses about origin of the genus. Based upon DNA sequences from six plastid regions (rbcL, psbB-psbH, trnL-trnF, rpS16, psbA-trnH, rpS16-trnK) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA, the phylogenetic relationships in the genus Nitraria and family Nitrariaceae were investigated by using methods of maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference. Our study demonstrated the following results: I Monophyly of Nitrariaceae. The close relationships between Peganum and Nitraria was indicated with high support (bt = 100 %; pP = 1.00). Our results are consistent with previous conclusions. II Monophyly of Nitraria and relationships within the genus. Our phylogenetic analyses suggested Nitraria sphaerocarpa is sister to the rest of the members of Nitraria and is shown to be at early divergence location (bt = 84 %; pP = 1.00). Nitraria could be divided into four parts, namely, the N. sphaerocarpa group, N. retusa group, N. roborowskii and N. tangutorum group, and a group consisting of N. schoberi, N. komarovii, N. sibirica, and N. billardieri. III According to our ancestral area reconstruction of S-Diva analyses eastern Central Asia, Mongolia (A) is confirmed to be the origin place of the genus Nitraria and family Nitrariaceae, and then dispersals occurred to western Central Asia, Africa, and Australia. This is different from previous hypotheses, like an African origin or Tethys origin. |
| 中文关键词 | 白刺科 ; 白刺属 ; 分子系统发育 ; 形态 |
| 英文关键词 | Nitrariaceae Nitraria L. Peganum L. molecular phylogeny monophyly |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287602 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | KAMSHAT TEMIRBAYEVA. 白刺属（白刺科）的系统发育与生物地理研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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