Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 北方草地土壤—植物系统元素的地带性分异研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Zonal differentiation of elements in soil-plant system across Northern China’s grasslands |
| 雒文涛 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 姜勇 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 本研究依托中国北方4000 km的陆地样带调查，测定了土壤和植物中的硫、钾、钠、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌等9种矿质元素含量，分析了土壤—植物系统元素地带性空间分布特征，探讨了气候格局和土壤理化性质对土壤—植物系统中元素地带性分异的影响。得到以下研究结果： （1）土壤有效硫元素含量从东到西沿着经度梯度总体呈现先下降后上升的趋势，西部地区硫含量最高。在东部相对湿润地区，土壤有效硫分布格局主要受生物化学循环过程调控，其含量与微生物量碳、微生物量氮、芳基硫酸酯酶活性显著正相关（P<0.01），其含量随着降水的增加逐渐增加（P<0.01）；而在西部相对干旱地区，土壤有效硫含量主要受地球化学循环过程调控，与微生物量碳、微生物量氮、芳基硫酸酯酶活性无显著相关关系（P>0.05），随着降水的增加逐渐升高（P<0.05）。 （2）土壤阳离子交换量（CEC）分布格局为西部地区>东部地区>中部地区；土壤交换性钙和钠从东到西呈现下降趋势，西部地区交换性钙和钠含量高的主要原因是土壤中有石膏富集；土壤交换性钾和镁含量随干旱度指数的增加逐渐下降（P<0.01）。 （3）土壤铁、锰、铜、锌全量表现为东西部地区含量较高，中部地区含量较低，主要受成土母质影响，东部湿润区微量元素含量高的原因还与有机质含量较高有关；微量元素铁、锰、铜有效态含量在东部地区较高，在西部地区较低；土壤有效锌含量在整个样带上没有明显变化趋势；其中土壤有效铜含量与全量呈显著正相关关系（P<0.01）。 （4）含碳酸盐土壤缓冲能力显著大于不含碳酸盐土壤。含碳酸盐土壤缓冲能力与CEC、碳酸盐含量、交换性钠含量呈显著正相关（P<0.01），与土壤初始pH和粘粒呈显著负相关（P<0.01）；不含碳酸盐土壤缓冲能力与土壤初始pH、粘粒含量、CEC、交换性钠含量呈正相关（P<0.01）；含碳酸盐土壤缓冲性能主要由碳酸盐含量控制，而不含碳酸盐土壤主要受CEC影响。 （5）单位面积植物生物量随着降水量的增加而增加，优势植物植株和根中矿质元素含量随着降水的减少而逐渐升高，与土壤中有效态元素含量无显著相关关系（P>0.05）；随着年均降水量的增加，优势植物根冠比显著降低。 （6）土壤矿质元素分布的空间地带性分异主要受土壤类型、植被类型、降水和温度等因素的影响，湿润区元素分布主要由生物地球化学循环过程决定（如植物吸收、微生物分解等），干旱区元素分布主要受地球化学循环过程控制（如蒸发、物理矿化等）。 |
| 英文摘要 | A 4000-km east-west transect was established across the arid and semi-arid grasslands in northern China. We analyzed the patterns and drivers of nine essential mineral elements (sulfur, potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper) in 580 soil samples and 666 plant (shoot and root) samples and the patterns of soil acid buffering capacity along a aridity gradient. The main results and conclusions were as follows: (1) Soil available sulfur concentration decreased firstly and then increased from west to east along the longitude gradient. The content of soil sulfur in the western regions was higher than that in the eastern regions. Our results showed soil available sulfur concentrations decreased with increasing aridity in the eastern humid regions, but increased with increasing aridity in the western arid regions. In the eastern humid regions, the available sulfur concentrations showed significantly positive relationships with microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen concentrations and arylsulphatase activities, but showed no relationships with these variables in the western arid regions. (2) The soil cation exchangeable capacity was ordered as western regions>eastern regions>middle regions. The concentrations of exchangeable calcium and sodium were decreased from west to east along the longitude gradient, which were associated with the accumulation of gypsum. The concentrations of exchangeable potassium and magnesium decreased with increasing aridity index from west to east along the transect. (3) The total concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc, and copper were highest in eastern regions and lowest in eastern western, which were associated with parent material and also associated with the higher content of organic matter in the eastern regions. The available concentrations of iron, manganese, and copper were highest in eastern regions and lowest in eastern western. The soil available zinc concentration showed no obvious trends along the transect. There was a significantly positive relationship between available copper and total copper concentrations. (4) Within the carbonate soil subset, soil pH buffering capacity was positively correlated with cation exchange capacity, carbonate content and exchangeable sodium concentration, negatively correlated with initial pH and clay content, and was not correlated with soil organic carbon content. Within the non-carbonate soil subset, soil pH buffering capacity was positively related with initial pH, clay content, cation exchangeable capacity and exchangeable sodium concentration, and was not related to organic carbon content. Multiple stepwise regression demonstrated that carbonate content was the primary determinant of pH buffering capacity across the carbonate containing soils and cation exchangeable capacity was the main determinant of buffering capacity across the non-carbonate containing soils. (5) The biomass increased with increasing precipitation from west to east. The mineral element concentrations in plant shoots and roots were decreased with increasing precipitation, but showed no relationships with soil available element concentrations. The root:shoot ratios were decreased with increasing precipitation. (6) Overall, our results showed that the patterns of nine elements and soil acid buffering capacity were obviously in northern China. Such patterns were controlled by soil types, grassland types and temperature. Biogeochemical processes exerted stronger controls on the element cycling in the wetter sites, while geochemical processes played more significant roles in the extremely dry sites. |
| 中文关键词 | 矿质元素 ; 元素有效性 ; 土壤化学 ; 草地 ; 缓冲性能 ; 盐基离子 ; 降水 |
| 英文关键词 | Mineral element Available element Soil chemistry Grassland Soil buffering capacity Base cation Precipitation |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287574 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 雒文涛. 北方草地土壤—植物系统元素的地带性分异研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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