Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 不同类型草原中针茅根部内生细菌益生功能研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Beneficial functions of isolated endophytic bacteria from Stipa sp. roots in different types of steppes |
| 胥婷 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 张惠文 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 针茅为我国北方草原的建群种，长期生活在无人为因素干扰的自然条件下，是研究植物与内生细菌互作关系的良好材料。为了研究我国北方草原针茅根部内生细菌的益生功能及分布规律，从新疆、甘肃、内蒙三省区6个草原样地（亚高山草甸、高山草甸、戈壁、荒漠草原、典型草原和草甸草原）采集针茅根样品，对分离获得的200株针茅根部内生细菌分别进行了IAA分泌能力、溶磷活性、拮抗活性、固氮能力和解钾活性5个功能方面的鉴定，得到以下主要结果： 在200株内生细菌中，194株菌有至少一种益生功能。73株具有产IAA的能力，35株有溶磷活性，23株有拮抗病原真菌的能力，20株有固氮活性，6株具有解钾活性。从样地分布来看，各样地产IAA的菌株最多，尤其是高山草甸，亚高山草甸和荒漠草原。溶磷菌株在高山草甸所占比例较大，拮抗菌株在亚高山草甸所占比例较大，而固氮菌在荒漠草原所占比例较大，解钾菌株在各样地所占比例都较小，在荒漠草原和草甸草原都没有钾细菌分布。 有益功能菌株分布在25个属中，多样性较高。73株产IAA菌株分布在20个属中，35株溶磷菌分布在10个属内，23株拮抗菌分布在4个属内，20株固氮菌分布在8个属，6株解钾菌分布在5个不同的属。其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)具有多种功能菌株，在各样地的比例也最高。其次功能菌较多的属是不动杆菌属(Achromobacter)、叶杆菌属(Phyllobacterium)和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)。每个样地都有2~3株特有的属，可能与当地特殊的环境状况有关。 本研究还获得了14株生物学功能较强的菌株：分泌IAA能力最强的两株菌分别属于拉贝达氏菌属(Labedella)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)，产量分别为36.674 μg/ml和28.267 μg/ml。溶磷效果最好的是一株假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)内生细菌，溶磷圈直径与菌落直径比为2.86。对立枯丝核菌和尖孢镰刀菌都有较强拮抗活性的三株菌都属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。固氮能力最强的两株菌分别来自芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)。解钾活性较好的一株菌来自Olivibacter属。还有3株同时具有分泌IAA、溶磷、拮抗和固氮四种功能的菌株，以上这些菌株具有潜在的应用价值。 综上所述，对不同草原类型针茅根部分离的200株内生细菌做了IAA分泌能力、溶磷活性、拮抗活性、固氮能力和解钾活性的鉴定，其中97%的菌株具有益生功能。产IAA的菌株最多，在各样地所占比例也最高，具溶磷，拮抗和固氮活性的菌株在不同的样地占有较高的比例，解钾菌数量最少，在各样地所占比例最低。各功能菌分布在25个属中，多样性较高，其中芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属具有多种功能菌株，在各样地所占比例也较高，可能是针茅根部重要的内生细菌。RDA分析表明，海拔、经度、纬度和pH等环境条件对针茅根部有益内生细菌的分布有一定的影响。本研究还获得了14株生物学功能较强的菌株，具有潜在的应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要 | As dominant specie in the steppes of northern China, Stipa sp. is a suitable material to study the interaction between plants and endophyte bacteria because of its natural growing environment. In order to study the functions and distribution of beneficial endophytic bacteria in the roots of Stipa sp., samples were collected from six types of steppes (subalpine meadow, alpine meadow, Gobi desert, desert steppe, typical steppe, and meadow steppe in the north of China) across Xinjiang, Gansu and Inner Mongolia. Five beneficial functions (IAA producing activity, phosphate-solubilizing activity, antifungal activity, nitrogen fixation activity and potassium-solubilizing activity) were detected among 200 strains isolated from the roots of Stipa sp. of six steppe types. Some results were as follows: There were 194 strains with at least one beneficial function among 200 endophytic bacteria. 73 strains showed IAA producing activity, 35 isolates turned out to have phosphate-solubilizing activity, 23 isolates were confirmed to have antifungal activity, 20 strains were proved to be diazotrophic bacteria, and 6 strains showed potassium-solubilizing activity. The IAA producing strains were the most abundance bacteria in six types of steppes, especially in alpine meadow, subalpine meadow and desert steppe. Phosphorus-solublizing and antagonistic bacteria had relatively high proportion in alpine meadow and subalpine meadow, respectively, while desert steppe had the maximum number of diazotrophic bacteria. The abundances of silicate bacteria were relatively low in all steppe types and there was no distribution in desert steppe and meadow steppe. The functional bacteria were classified to 25 genera, and were found to have a high diversity. 73 of IAA producing strains, 35 of phosphate-solubilizing strains, 23 of antagonistic bacterium, 20 of diazotrophic bacterium and 6 of potassium-solubilizing strains were belong to 20, 10, 4, 8 and 5 genera, respectively. Pseudomonas and Bacillus, which were most abundant genus in all steppe types, had most of the detected functions, and then were Achromobacter, Phyllobacterium and Paenibacillus. There were 2 or 3 special genera in every steppe type which might related to the particular environmental conditions of every steppe types. 14 isolates with high biological activity were obtained. 2 strains belonged to Labedella and Streptomyces produced relatively high auxins, which were 36.67 μg/ml and 28.26μg/ml, respectively. A Pseudomonas sp. showed highest phosphate-solubilizing activity and the ratio of transparent zone and colony was 2.86. There were 3 Pseudomonas spp. had the greatest antagonistic effects on the two pathogenic fungi, F. oxysporum and R. solani. Two high-efficiently diazotrophic bacteria belonged to Bacillus and Paenibacillus, respectively. One Olivibacter sp. showed best potassium-solubilizing activity. In addition, there were 3 bacteria showed high activity in all functions except potassium-solubilizing. All of the above isolates have great potential for application. In conclusion, 97% of the tested endophytic bacteria were turned out to have beneficial function. IAA producing bacteria were the most abundant in 6 steppes types. Phosphorus-solublizing bacteria, diazotrophic bacteria and antagonistic bacteria had relatively high proportion in different steppe types, respectively. The functional endophytic bacteria belonged to 25 different genera, and the diversity was high. Pseudomonas and Bacillus were dominant beneficial endophytic bacteria since they had a high distribution in all steppe types. According to RDA analysis, the distribution of functional endophyte bacteria was related to altitude, soil pH, longitude and latitude. The study also collected 14 bacteria with high activity for detected function, which had great a potential for application. |
| 中文关键词 | 针茅 ; 内生细菌 ; 益生功能 |
| 英文关键词 | Stipa sp. Beneficial function Endophytic bacteria |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 微生物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287571 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 胥婷. 不同类型草原中针茅根部内生细菌益生功能研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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