Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 风吹沙埋对樟子松等沙地植物的生理影响及其响应 | |
| 其他题名 | Effects of wind blowing and sand burial on physiological characteristics of sand plants such as Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and their responses |
| 李瑾 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 赵哈林 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 科尔沁沙地气候干旱，风沙活动频繁，是我国典型生态环境脆弱区之一，也是我国沙漠化最为严重的地区。为了生存和繁衍，该区植物在形态特征、解剖结构、生理代谢和生长习性等方面也逐步形成了一些特殊机制，以适应恶劣环境的胁迫。研究干旱风沙环境对植物的影响及其适应对策，对于阐明干旱风沙环境下植物与环境的互动关系和植物的进化发展具有重要科学意义，对于该区沙漠化的生物防治和植被管理以及防沙治沙植物的引种栽培具有重要实践意义。本文以我国北方沙区广泛推广种植的常绿乔木树种樟子松、科尔沁沙地代表性一年生草本植物狗尾草以及主要粮食作物玉米为对象，研究了三种沙地植物幼苗在不同净风和风沙流吹袭处理以及樟子松幼苗在不同深度沙埋处理下，其叶片相对含水量、膜脂过氧化程度、质膜透性、抗氧化保护酶活性的变化，以及渗透调节物质积累和光合生理特征的响应，分析探讨了不同风吹和沙埋胁迫对沙地植物生理特征的影响及其响应机制。主要结果如下： 1、净风和风沙流胁迫 （1）不同时间净风吹袭对于樟子松幼苗未造成水分胁迫，未导致其细胞膜明显受损；但净风频繁吹袭对其水分含量影响较大，高风速净风频繁吹袭致使其严重水分胁迫。短时间低风速净风吹袭未导致其膜脂过氧化作用，而净风频繁吹袭或长时间强净风吹袭均导致其明显的膜脂过氧化作用，使其细胞膜受损严重。低风速风沙流吹袭未对樟子松幼苗造成水分胁迫，但强风沙流吹袭和风沙流频繁吹袭可导致其水分胁迫，特别是频繁吹袭可造成其严重水分胁迫。强风沙流吹袭导致樟子松幼苗膜脂过氧化作用明显，细胞膜受损严重。风沙流频繁吹袭可导致其膜脂过氧化作用明显，但细胞膜透性变化不显著。对于狗尾草幼苗，无论是10min净风吹袭还是10min风沙流吹袭，高风速下均造成其严重水分胁迫，使细胞膜明显受损，但净风吹袭下其膜脂过氧化作用不明显，风沙流吹袭下其膜脂过氧化作用明显，显示风沙流对其水分和细胞膜的影响均远大于净风。对于玉米幼苗，不同时间净风吹袭均未引起明显膜脂过氧化作用，10min风沙流吹袭也未使其发生膜脂过氧化作用；细胞膜在10min净风吹袭下未受明显伤害，而10min风沙流吹袭下受损严重。 （2）对于樟子松幼苗，20min和40min强净风吹袭下主要是超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）发挥保护细胞膜的作用，60min强净风吹袭下和强净风频繁吹袭下主要是过氧化物酶（POD）发挥保护细胞膜的作用。10min强风沙流胁迫下，主要是SOD发挥保护细胞膜的作用，POD在中度胁迫时协同SOD发挥作用。在风沙流频繁吹袭下，SOD发挥了保护细胞膜的重要作用，POD未发挥作用。对于狗尾草幼苗，净风胁迫下其SOD发挥了保护细胞膜的作用，POD未被激活；风沙流胁迫下，其SOD活性降低，POD仅在个别处理发挥作用。对于玉米幼苗，在10min净风吹袭下大多数处理的抗氧化保护酶系统均未被激活，而在20min净风吹袭下其保护酶系统被激活，SOD、POD和过氧化氢酶（CAT）共同发挥了保护细胞膜的作用。10min风沙流胁迫下，其POD起到保护细胞膜的作用，SOD和CAT均未发挥有效作用。 （3）对于樟子松幼苗，不同强度40min净风吹袭下其渗透调节物质含量明显增加，不同强度60min净风吹袭下只有可溶性糖起到显著的渗透调节作用，净风频繁吹袭下可溶性糖也只在高风速胁迫下发挥了渗透调节作用。不同时间低风速风沙流吹袭下樟子松幼苗渗透调节物质含量没有明显变化，20min强风沙流吹袭下只有脯氨酸发挥了渗透调节作用，30min强风沙流吹袭下脯氨酸和可溶性糖共同发挥了渗透调节作用，风沙流频繁吹袭下只有可溶性糖发挥了渗透调节作用。对于狗尾草幼苗，高风速净风和风沙流吹袭下脯氨酸均起到渗透调节作用，而可溶性糖只在高风速风沙流胁迫下发挥了明显的渗透调节作用。对于玉米幼苗，10min净风吹袭下只有少数处理的脯氨酸和可溶性糖起到渗透调节作用，20min净风吹袭下只有可溶性糖起到明显渗透调节作用，10min风沙流吹袭下可溶性糖和脯氨酸仅在个别处理发挥渗透调节作用。 2、沙埋胁迫 （1）无论是短期沙埋（14d）还是长期沙埋（47d），均未造成樟子松幼苗的水分胁迫，绝大部分处理未发生明显的膜脂过氧化作用。短期沙埋下其细胞膜没有明显受损，长期完全沙埋下大部分处理细胞膜明显受损；长期沙埋引起的膜脂过氧化程度和细胞膜的损害程度均远远大于短期沙埋。 （2）无论是短期沙埋处理还是长期沙埋处理，均以POD发挥主要保护细胞膜作用，而在短期沙埋下SOD协同POD清除活性氧、保持细胞膜完整性，长期沙埋下SOD未发挥清除活性氧、保持细胞膜完整性的作用。无论是短期沙埋还是长期沙埋，可溶性糖均未发挥渗透调节作用。短期沙埋下只有脯氨酸起到渗透调节作用，长期沙埋下只有完全沙埋处理的脯氨酸发挥渗透调节作用。 （3）短期沙埋胁迫下，樟子松幼苗的光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔开度和胞间CO2浓度增加，水分利用效率降低。 |
| 英文摘要 | There is frequent wind sand activity and severe drought in Horqin Sandy Land which is one of typical fragile ecological environment areas as well as the most serious desertification region in China. The local plants have gradually formed adaptive mechanisms in morphological characteristics, anatomical structures, physiological metabolisms and growth habits and so on in order to survive and reproduce and adapt the stress caused by severe environment. Studying the influence of wind and sand environment to plants and the corresponding adaptive strategies has important scientific significance for illuminating the interactive relationship between plants and environment and evolution and development of plants under wind sand environment as well as biological control of desertification, vegetation management and the cultivation of plants for preventing and controlling desertification. This article studied both the changes of relative water content, membrane lipid peroxidation and cell membrane permeability and the responses of the activities of antioxidant defense system osmotic adjustment substances and photosynthetic physiological features by studying the seedlings of three sand plants in different wind and sand burial treatments, and analyzed the influences of different wind blowing, wind-sand flow and sand burial stress to them and their response mechanisms. The three sand plants are Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica one of the evergreen tree species widely planted in deserted region of north China, Setaria viridis which is the typical annual herb plant in Horqin Sandy Land and Zea mays the main food crop respectively. The main results are as follows: 1．Wind blowing and wind-sand flow stress (1) Wind blowing in different time has not resulted in the water stress and obvious damage to cell membranes for the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. However, frequent wind blowing had great influences on water content especially high wind speed caused severe water stress. Membrane lipid peroxidation would not been induced by wind blowing in short time and low wind speed whereas the obvious membrane lipid peroxidation and severely damaged cell membranes had been caused by frequent wind flowing or long time strong wind blowing. Wind-sand flow at low wind speed had not caused water stress but strong wind-sand flow and frequent wind-sand flow could create opposite results especially frequent wind-sand flow. Both significant increase of the contents of MDA and severe damage of cell membranes could be attributed to the strong wind-sand flow, however, the content of MDA changed obviously while cell membrane permeability did not change obviously by frequent wind-sand flow. Severe water stress and obvious damage of cell membranes had been caused by high wind speed whether in ten minutes wind blowing or the same time wind-sand flow for the seedlings of Setaria viridis. Membrane lipid peroxidation was not obvious by wind blowing while it was obvious by wind-sand flow. The above results showed that the influences of wind-sand flow to the water content and cell membranes are much greater than wind blowing. Wind blowing in different time had not caused obvious membrane lipid peroxidation for the seedlings of Zea mays and ten minutes wind-sand flow also did not make it happen. Cell membranes did not damage in ten minutes wind blowing but damaged seriously by the same time wind-sand flow. (2) SOD played a major role in protecting cell membranes in twenty and forty minutes strong wind blowing and POD played dominant role in sixty minutes as well as strong frequent wind blowing for the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. SOD and POD had effects under severe and moderate stress respectively in ten minutes strong wind-sand flow. SOD played important role while POD had no effect in frequent wind-sand flow. SOD had a main effect and POD had not been activated in wind blowing for the seedlings of Setaria viridis. And the activity of SOD decreased and POD only played role in some treatments in wind-sand flow. Most of the antioxidant defense system had not been activated in ten minutes wind blowing, but thye had been activated and played role in protecting cell membranes together in twenty minutes wind blowing for the seedlings of Zea mays. POD acted an important part to protect the cell membranes while both SOD and CAT had no effect in ten minutes wind-sand flow. (3) The content of osmotic adjustment substance increased obviously in forty minutes wind blowing while only soluble sugar played role in sixty minutes wind blowing and at high wind speed of frequent wind blowing for the seedling of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. The content of osmotic adjustment substance did not change obviously at low wind speed in different time of wind-sand flow. Proline began to have effect in twenty minutes strong wind-sand flow and both proline and soluble sugar played role in thirty minutes strong wind-sand flow. However, only soluble sugar played role in frequent wind-sand flow. Proline had effect at high wind speed in both wind blowing and wind-sand flow and soluble sugar only played significant role at high wind speed of wind-sand flow for the seedlings of Setaria viridis. Proline and soluble sugar played osmotic adjustment role in minority treatments in ten minutes wind blowing while only soluble sugar played significant role in twenty minutes wind blowing. Both of the proline and soluble sugar played role in few treatments in ten minutes wind-sand flow. 2. Sand burial stress (1) Sand burial stress whether in short or long time period did not caused water stress and most of the treatments did not take place obvious membrane lipid peroxidation for the seedlings of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Cell membranes did not harm significantly by short time sand burial while it was obviously damaged in long period and complete sand burial. The degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damaged caused by long time sand burial are much greater than short period sand burial. (2) POD played a main role in protecting the cell membranes whether in short or long time sand burial. SOD had effects on clearing ROS and protecting the cell membranes with POD in short period sand burial while it did not play role in long time sand burial. Soluble sugar did not play osmotic adjustment role in both short and long time sand burial. Proline played primary role in short time sand burial and completely buried treatments of long period sand burial. (3) There was significant increase in photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration and decrease in water use efficiency. |
| 中文关键词 | 风吹沙埋胁迫 ; 膜脂过氧化 ; 质膜透性 ; 抗氧化保护酶 ; 渗透调节 |
| 英文关键词 | wind blowing and sand burial stress，lipid peroxidation，membrane permeability，antioxidant defense enzymes，osmotic adjustment |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287539 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 李瑾. 风吹沙埋对樟子松等沙地植物的生理影响及其响应[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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