Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 黑河流域地下水同位素特征及可更新能力研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Isotope Characteristics of Groundwater and its Renewability in the Heihe River Basin |
| 阮云峰 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 赵良菊 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 黑河流域是我国西北干旱区第二大内陆河流域，水资源是黑河流域社会经济、生态环境可持续发展的最主要的限制因子。地下水作为水资源的重要组成，对于维持生态环境的稳定具有重要意义。然而，由于不合理的利用地下水资源，导致了黑河流域生态环境的恶化。地下水水循环模式及可更新能力研究是合理、科学地进行地下水开发的重要内容。因此，开展黑河流域地下水循环和可更新能力研究对黑河流域地下水可持续开发以及生态环境建设具有重要意义。 本文在全面分析黑河流域水文地质条件的基础上，应用环境同位素示踪及定年技术，并结合前人相关研究结果，结合模型，综合分析了黑河流域天然水体的稳定性同位素(δ18O和δD)和放射性同位素(T和C-14)的空间分布特征，揭示了该区地下水的补给来源和补给年龄，并计算出地下水的更新速率，对研究区内地下水的可更新能力进行了评价，提出了地下水开发的合理建议。 通过本文的研究，得出了以下一些结论： （1）黑河流域δ18O和δD的空间分布特征表明：黑河源区的降水是黑河流域地表水的主要补给源，而且对沿黑河干流浅层地下水及山前平原的深层地下水进行补给。在黑河中、下游，沿黑河干流的浅层地下水受到河水的补给。在中、下游灌溉区，浅层地下水与深层地下水频繁转化。河水对中、下游深层地下水的补给很少，深层地下水多为古补给。 （2）黑河流域地下水T含量的空间分布特征表明：黑河上游泉水的平均T含量为45.4TU，说明泉水受到了现代降水的大量补给。黑河中游T含量大于10TU以及黑河下游T含量大于20TU的浅层地下水均沿黑河干流分布，说明中下游沿干流分布的浅层地下水受到了河水较多的补给，中下游远离河道的浅层地下水T含量小于10TU，说明这些区域的浅层地下水基本不受河水的影响，属于次现代水。除山前平原地区外，黑河中下游深层地下水T含量基本都小于4TU，反映了中下游深层地下水为次现代水，受现代水的补给很少。 （3）黑河流域地下水年龄结果显示：上游及中游山前平原、酒泉南盆地以及沿河道地区浅层地下水年龄均小于50a，地下水年龄较小，远离河道浅层地下水年龄在50a上，地下水年龄较大。除山前平原外，中下游深层地下水年龄均在50a以上。Vogel 统计校正的C-14年龄表明黑河流域深层地下水年龄在现代~14500a之间，其中，上游及中游山前平原地下水年龄较年轻，其余地下水年龄较大，整体上，中下游深层地下水很古老。 （4）通过对地下水更新速率的研究表明：黑河流域浅层地下水积极参与水循环，地下水更新能力明显大于深层地下水。从区域上看，黑河上游浅层和深层地下水平均地下水更新速率（分别为1.96%.a-1和1.76%.a-1）高于中游（1.25%.a-1和0.68%.a-1）和下游地区（0.74%.a-1和0.18%.a-1），中游山前平原浅层地下水平均更新速率（>1.0%.a-1）高于中游其它地区（＜1.0%.a-1），中、下游沿黑河干流浅层和深层地下水更新速率较远离河道地区高。这些结果与地下水年龄所反映的地下水更新能力一致。从地下水埋深上看，黑河流域地下水更新能力随着地下水埋深的增加而减小，埋深40m以上的浅层地下水平均更新速率（1.13%.a-1）高于埋深40-100m之间的中层地下水（0.65%.a-1）以及埋深100m以下深层地下水（0.55%.a-1）。 （5）黑河流域浅层地下水有较强的可更新能力，尤其是祁连山前平原和沿黑河干流地带浅层地下水受到较多的补给，具有较大的开采能力，可以适当增加浅层地下水的开采，促进地下水循环，而深层地下水更新速率慢，更新能力弱，应适当缩减深层地下水的开采。 关键词：同位素；地下水补给；地下水年龄；地下水更新速率；地下水可更新能力 |
| 英文摘要 | The Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland basin of arid area of northwest in China. Water resource is the most limiting factor for the sustainable development of social economy and ecological environment in the Heihe River Basin. As an important part of water resource, groundwater is of great significance to maintain the stability of ecological environment. However, the ecological environment deteriorates as a result of unreasonable utilization of the groundwater resource. Studying on the groundwater circle and its renewability is the important content of exploiting groundwater reasonably and scientifically, as a consequence, to carry out the study of groundwater circle and its renewability of Heihe River Basin are of great significance to the sustainable groundwater exploitation and the destruction of ecological environment. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the hydrogeological condition of the Heihe River Basin, the environmental isotopes tracer and dating techniques and the related results of predecessors, we analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of stable isotopes (δ18O and δD) and radioactive isotopes (T and C-14) of natural water comprehensively, reveal the groundwater resources and its age, calculate the groundwater renewal rate, evaluate the renewability of groundwater, and also make reasonable suggestions on the exploitation of groundwater in the Heihe River Basin The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) The results of stable isotopes of δ18O and δD showed that precipitation of the upper reaches is the main recharge source of the surface water as well as recharging the shallow groundwater along the main stream and the deep groundwater of the piedmont plain in the Heihe River Basin. In the middle and the lower reaches, the shallow groundwater along the main stream is recharged by river water. There exists frequent exchange between the shallow groundwater and the deep groundwater in the irrigated area of the middle and lower reaches. There is litter recharge from river water to the deep groundwater, and is often recharged by ancient water. (2) The results of radioactive isotope of T show that the mean T concentration of the spring water is 45.4TU in the upper reaches of the Heihe River Basin, indicating a large amount of recharge from modern precipitation to the spring water. The T concentrations of shallow groundwater of more than 10TU in the middle reaches and more than 20TU in the lower reaches are both distributed along the main stream of the Heihe River Basin, showing they are recharged a lot by river water. In addition, the T concentration of shallow groundwater of less than 10TU distribute far from the stream channel, showing they are not affected by the river and are recharged before 1950s. The T concentrations of deep groundwater of the middle and lower reaches are mostly less than 4TU except for the piedmont plain, revealing the deep groundwater of the middle and lower reaches are recharged before 1950s. (3) The results of groundwater age show that the ages of the shallow groundwater of the upper reaches, piedmont plain, the south area of the Jiuquan basin as well as along the main stream are all less than 50a, the shallow groundwater of far away from the main stream show age of more than 50a. The deep groundwater are all more than 50a except for the piedmont plain, and the statistics and calibration methods of Vogel shows the age of deep groundwater which range from Modern to 14500a in the Heihe River Basin, which shows younger groundwater ages in the upper reaches and the piedmont plain and older in the other area of the Heihe River Basin. As a whole, the deep groundwater ages are very old in the middle and the lower reaches in the Heihe River Basin. (4) The results of groundwater renewal rate show that the shallow groundwater actively participates in the water cycle with greater renewability than the shallow groundwater. The mean renewal rate of shallow and deep groundwater of the upper reaches are 1.96%.a-1 and 1.76%.a-1, respectively, which shows higher than the middle reaches (1.25%.a-1 and 0.68%.a-1) and the lower reaches (0.74%.a-1 and 0.18%.a-1). The mean renewal rate of shallow groundwater of the piedmont plain (>1.0%.a-1) are higher than any other shallow groundwater in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin(＜1.0%.a-1), and the renewal rate of the shallow and deep groundwater which distribute along the main stream are higher than distribute far away from the main stream. These results are in consistence with the groundwater renewability that the groundwater age has showed. The groundwater renewal rate decreases with the increasing groundwater depth, which shows higher groundwater renewal rate above 40m (1.13%.a-1) than between 40m and 100m (0.65%.a-1) and below the 100m (0.55%.a-1). (5) The shallow groundwater of Heihe River Basin has stronger renewability, especially for the shallow groundwater of the piedmont plain of Qilian Mountain and groundwater along the main stream of Heihe River Basin. We can increase the exploitation of shallow groundwater appropriately to promote the groundwater circulation, while reduce the exploitation of deep groundwater appropriately due to its low renewability. Key words: Isotope; groundwater recharge; groundwater age; groundwater renewal rate; groundwater renewability; |
| 中文关键词 | 同位素 ; 地下水补给 ; 地下水年龄 ; 地下水更新速率 ; 地下水可更新能力 |
| 英文关键词 | Isotope groundwater recharge groundwater age groundwater renewal rate groundwater renewability |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 环境工程 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287524 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 阮云峰. 黑河流域地下水同位素特征及可更新能力研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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