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| 祁连山黑河流域山区积雪面积比例与雪水当量关系研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Study on the Relationship Between Snow Cover Fraction and Snow Water Equivalent in Mountain |
| 孙建勇 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 段克勤 ; 车涛 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 当前，寒区水文模型中对山区积雪积累与消融过程模拟存在较大的不确定性，加之降水、气温等驱动数据也有一定程度误差，往往导致春季径流模拟误差较大。研究表明准确掌握积雪（尤其是雪水当量）的时空分布，可以显著提高寒区水文模型的精度。利用站点观测的雪水当量无疑难以满足分布式水文模型的需求；微波遥感数据虽然具有获取雪水当量能力，被动微波遥感数据由于分辨率又太粗难以应用到高空间分辨率的水文模型中，主动微波遥感数据时间分辨率又限制其在流域水文模拟中的应用。光学卫星遥感数据虽然空间分辨率可以满足模型需求，但是不能得到雪水当量。为此，开展了大量积雪衰减曲线研究，基本原理是：认为在特定的区域，积雪面积和雪水当量有一定的关系，该关系也被定义为积雪衰减曲线（SDC）。通过掌握特定研究区的积雪衰减曲线，就可以将光学遥感获取的积雪面积转换为雪水当量，从而可将积雪面积用于寒区分布式水文模型。 本文利用合成孔径雷达ENVISAT-ASAR数据反演得到积雪面积、雪水当量信息，结合重采样后的地形因子，分析了500 m像元尺度上积雪面积比例与雪水当量的关系，讨论各因子对积雪衰减曲线的影响。结合遥感积雪属性数据，建立良好的积雪面积比例和雪水当量之间的关系，拟合出研究区域的积雪衰减曲线并用多种方式对积雪衰减曲线进行了验证，其中使用大量野外实测数据验证实验所选研究区。本研究发展的积雪衰减曲线提供了一种将中分辨率卫星遥感数据获取的积雪面积比例数据转换为较高分辨率雪水当量，同化应用到寒区分布式水文模型中，提高寒区水文模拟精度，为促进遥感技术在水文领域的应用水平的新尝试。主要研究内容如下： 1.采用多方法分析积雪面积比例、雪水当量、海拔、坡度、坡向各因子对积雪衰减曲线的影响性。 2.选择合适的无量纲化影响因子，拟合适用于研究区的积雪衰减曲线。 3.利用野外实地考察数据以及对应中等分辨率遥感影像，对发展的本研究区的积雪衰减曲线进行验证、分析其适用性。 4.积雪衰减曲线初步应用，以雪水当量为背景数据分析黑河上游东支八宝河子流域年内积雪变化。 主要研究成果： 1.明确在山区复杂下垫面情况下，各地形因子对雪水当量与积雪衰减曲线之间关系影响程度。 2.发展了适合祁连山黑河上游冰沟流域的积雪衰减曲线，为后续将中尺度遥感数据转化为雪水当量同化到分布式水文模型中提供了一种新方式。 3.以雪水当量为基础分析中小尺度流域积雪情况，雪水当量能够反应雪的物质和能量的定量信息，对干旱区融雪径流预报、水资源管理应用更能提供所需要的积雪参数. |
| 英文摘要 | Currently, simulation of the cold region hydrological processes has larger uncertainties.Combined with the unreliable precipitation, temperature and other driving data often leads to spring runoff simulation errors.Studies have shown that accurate knowledge of snow ( especially the snow water equivalent ) in the temporal and spatial distribution can significantly improve the accuracy of cold regions hydrological model.Using the site observation get snow water equivalent is undoubtedly difficult to meet the needs of distributed hydrological model ,and passive microwave remote sensing data have the ability to get the snow water equivalent but the data resolution is too coarse to apply the hydrological models in high spatial resolution .Optical remote sensing data while the spatial resolution can meet the demand of the model, but can not get the snow water equivalent .therefore, a lot of work about the snow depletion curve have be carried out, the basic principle is: in a particular area , the snow cover fraction has a certain relation ship with the snow water equivalent, the relationship is also defined as the snow depletion curve (SDC). Then, by mastering a specific research area snow depletion curve,the SDC will transfer the fraction of Snow cover area data derived from the middle resolution satellite remote sensing data (such as MODIS and MERSI)to Snow water equivalent data. Finally, these SWE data will be assimilated into cold region distributed hydrologic model to improve the accuracy of cold regional hydrologic simulation. In this study, we used the spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data, retrieving snow cover fraction (SCF) and snow water equivalent (SWE) information. Analysis the relationship between the snow cover fraction and snow water equivalent in 500m grid cell size, and discuss the impact of various factors on the snow depletion curve. Use the snow properties data establish a good relationship between snow cover fraction and snow water equivalent, simulate the snow depletion cure for the Binggou watershed. And use a variety of methods to verify this snow depletion cure. The study provide a new way that transfer the fraction of snow cover area data derived from the middle resolution satellite remote sensing data to high resolution snow water equivalent data, improve the accuracy of cold regional hydrologic simulation,specially the snow melting runoff in spring,and This study will be expected to provide a solution to fuse the remote sensing data into cold region hydrological model. The main contents are as follow: 1.Use a variety of methods to analysis the impact of snow cover fraction , snow water equivalent,altitude ,slope ,aspect on the snow depletion curve. 2.Select the appropriate dimensionless impact factor , simulate a suitable snow depletion curve for Binggou watershed. 3.Use the field observation snow properties and the corresponding medium resolution remote sensing data, verify the accuracy and applicability of snow depletion curve . 4.Preliminary application of the snow depletion curve,use snow water equivalent data to analysis the snow variation of Babaohe watershed in the upper reach of Heihe river The main research results: 1.Identify the influence of various topographic factors to snow cover fraction and snow water equivalent in the complex underlying surface. 2.Simulate a snow depletion curve that suit for Qilian mountain Binggou watershed, provide a new way that transfer the middle resolution satellite remote sensing data to snow water equivalent and assimilate to distributed hydrological model. 3.Snow water equivalent can reflect the quantitative information of snow material and energy,use snow water equivalent to analysis small and medium scale basin can reflect more information in arid regions snowmelt runoff forecasting and water resources management. |
| 中文关键词 | 遥感 ; 积雪衰减曲线 ; 积雪面积 ; 雪水当量 ; 合成孔径雷达 |
| 英文关键词 | Remote Sensing Snow Depletion Curve Snow Cover Fraction Snow Water Equivalent Synthetic Aperture Radar |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287521 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 孙建勇. 祁连山黑河流域山区积雪面积比例与雪水当量关系研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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