Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 基于清查资料与遥感融合的森林空间变化研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Changes in the spatial distribution of forest based on inventory data and remote sensing fusion |
| 袁玉娟 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 黄钧 ; 段生梅 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 全球变化背景下，准确获取森林覆盖的时空特征，是森林资源可持续经营管理和持续利用的基础，是评估气候变化对生态系统影响的科学依据。森林清查可以提供更为准确的统计信息，遥感可提供准确的植被空间信息，根据统计数据设定划分森林与其他土地覆盖类型的遥感信息阈值，将清查数据与遥感数据融合，评估融合技术对森林清查数据空间化的精度。 本文以中国森林作为研究对象，以该研究区的第三次和第七次森林资源清查统计数据和同期GIMMS NDVI3g遥感数据为主要数据基础，以多源数据融合为技术支持，结合遥感数据在空间分布上的优势和森林清查数据准确的优势，据此获得两期森林空间分布格局。在此基础上研究过去近三十年（1984-2008年）中国森林空间格局和变化规律，揭示各生态地理区内森林空间变化规律以及森林空间变化对海拔、坡度的响应，探讨森林空间变化原因。开展过去30年时间尺度，全国范围的森林动态研究是在更长时间尺度上，更广的空间尺度上揭示中国森林空间变化特征。 主要结论包括： 本文发展了以省级尺度森林清查统计资料，确定森林分类阈值的数据融合技术。通过与1：100万中国植被类型图对比，结果显示两套数据空间分布吻合度在70%以上。选择典型区并采用高精度TM/ETM遥感影像及野外实测数据对比验证，表明本文的研究方法可以用于森林空间变化研究。 过去30年来中国森林空间结构的变化特征体现为总体面积增加为主，不同区域增减并存。从1980年代（1984-1988年）到2000年代（2004-2008年），中国森林面积由13173.76万公顷增加到15553.28万公顷，净增加了18.06%。除中温带湿润半湿润区与西北干旱区森林面积净减少外，其他生态区森林面积净增加，中亚热带湿润区面积增加最显著，其次是南亚热带湿润区和暖温带湿润半湿润区。 森林增加区和减少区的分布面积基本随海拔的升高呈减少趋势。低海拔区的森林面积变动最大，森林增加区占全国森林增加总面积的61.72%，森林减少区占全国森林减少总面积的58.1%。高海拔地区由于可达性较低，人类活动的干扰较少，森林增加和减少都不明显。森林的变化面积随坡度的变大越来越少，森林的增加和减少均集中在平坡。坡度≥25°区域的森林面积也有明显增加，这可能与退耕还林工程有关。 |
| 英文摘要 | Under the background of global change, the acquisition of accurate spatial and temporal characteristics of forest cover is the foundation for sustainable management and utilization of forest resources, and also the scientific basis for impact assessment of climate change on ecosystems. Forest inventory data can provide accurate statistics information while remote sensing provides accurate spatial information. Thresholds between forest and other land cover types in remote sensing information were set according to the statistical data, realizing statistical data and remote sensing data fusion, with accuracy evaluation of forest inventory data spatialization. Focusing on Chinese forest, based on the third and seventh forest inventory statistical data and GIMMS NDVI3g remote sensing data for the same period, and technically supported by multi-sources data fusion, this study combined the advantages of remote sensing data in spatial distribution and forest inventory data in accuracy into two forest cover maps. On that basis, Chinese forest spatial patterns and its variations during the past three decades were analyzed; forest spatial variation in different eco-geographical zones and its responses to altitude and gradient were indicated; and the reasons for forest spatial variation were explored. Carrying out nationwide research about forest dynamic over the past three decades actually revealed the spatial variation of our country's forest on a longer time scale and larger spatial scale. The main conclusions are as follows: This study developed spatialization technique to determine the forest classification threshold by using forest inventory statistical materials at provincial level. Compared with 1:1000000 vegetation map of China, the overall accuracy is above 70%. With selected typical areas, validation through high resolution TM/ETM remote sensing images and field measurements showed that the methods can be used in the study of forest spatial variation. During the past three decades, Chinese forest spatial structure represented a general area increase and differential changes in different regions. From 1980s (1984-1988) to 2000s (2004-2008), Chinese forest area increased from 13173.76×104 to 15553.28×104 hectares, with a net increase of 18.06%.Forest areas showed net increases in all eco-regions except for the humid and semi-humid middle temperate zone, as well as the northwest arid zone. The greatest increases appeared in the humid middle subtropical zone, followed by the humid south subtropical zone and humid and semi-humid warm temperate zone. In general, increasing and decreasing areas of forest showed a reducing trend with altitude increase. The biggest change was at lower altitude, where the increasing area accounted for 61.72% and the decreasing area was 58.1% those of the whole country. The smallest change was at higher altitude for weaker accessibility and less human activities. With the increase of gradient, forest changing area was smaller and smaller. Forest increase or decrease was mainly appeared on a flat slope. There was also an evident increase of forest area on slopes greater than or equal to 25 degrees, which likely has a relationship with Grain for Green Project. |
| 中文关键词 | 关键词:空间化 ; 数据融合 ; 森林清查 ; 遥感 |
| 英文关键词 | Key words: spatialization data fusion forest inventory remote sensing |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 自然地理学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287492 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 袁玉娟. 基于清查资料与遥感融合的森林空间变化研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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