Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
| 凯江流域土壤保持服务及其空间流动研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Spatial flow of soil conservation services in Kaijiang Basin |
| 王硕 | |
| 出版年 | 2015 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 肖玉 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 生态系统服务的空间流动研究具有非常重要的意义，有助于更完整地揭示生态过程的动态演变规律、更有效地评估生态系统服务的社会经济价值、更全面地完善生态系统的科学理论体系。本研究以具有独特的自然环境特点、重要的经济战略地位、关键的生态屏障功能的凯江流域为研究区，在对该区域实地调查的基础上，利用样地调查数据、文献数据以及遥感数据等多源数据，系统定量地分析该区域土壤保持服务在时空尺度上的空间流转，探究其受益区的界定，综合评估土壤保持服务的功能价值，并针对该区的生态环境问题以全新的视角提供建议措施。相关内容如下： （1）土壤保持服务：基于RUSLE模型对凯江流域土壤保持服务进行了估算，主要结论有：1）2000—2010年凯江流域土壤侵蚀总量和平均土壤侵蚀模数均呈增加趋势，土壤侵蚀特征主要表现为区域内的整体侵蚀状况较为良好，而局部地区的侵蚀状况较为恶劣。2）2000—2010年凯江流域的土壤保持量呈递增趋势，在2010年时达到8.54×108 t?a-1。3）2000-2010年流域内不同地表覆被的土壤保持能力显著提升，森林>农田>人居>湿地>草地>荒漠。 （2）土壤保持服务的空间流动：利用泥沙输运模型和SWAT模型对土壤保持服务的空间流动进行模拟，主要结论有： 1）2010年凯江流域陆面转移过程的泥沙输移量为1.46×108 t?a-1，日均输沙量为3.99×105 t?d-1。2）土壤保持服务在河道中的输移距离达282.14km，最远输移至第25号河段。3）河段中泥沙含量的沉积比例与输移河段的高程差呈正相关，落差较大的河段，沉积比例相对较高；平缓的河段，沉积比例相对较低。 （3）界定空间流动受益范围：通过建立受益区的影响范围模型对凯江流域土壤保持服务受益区的影响范围进行界定，主要结论有：1）河段的修正受益区面积比例与沉积比例、河段长度比例、河段高程差的变化趋势相关。随着河段高程差的增加，河段的修正受益区面积呈线性增加趋势。2）修正后的受益区面积显著变小，由修正前的1480.30 km2减少至430.81 km2。3）从修正后的受益区所占的面积比例来看，23号河段>11号河段>13号河段>15号河段>9号河段>24号河段>25号河段，表明凯江流域土壤保持服务向下游地区流动转移的过程中，中游地区的受益面积最大，上游受益面积相对较少，下游受益面积最少。 （4）受益效益综合评估：对凯江流域土壤保持服务的受益效益进行综合评估，主要结论有：1）流域土壤保持服务的总价值量约为9.18亿元/年。其中，流域内的土壤保持服务价值量约为8.85亿元，流域外各河段受益区的受益效益价值量为3263.53万元。2）从受益效益来看，9号河段>23号河段>13号河段>11号河段>15号河段>24号河段>25号河段。3）受益效益较高的区域为凯江流域出口和涪江中游地区，中上游地区和下游地区受益效益相对较低。4）受益区的受益效益与高程差和河段长度相关，效益随着高程差和河段长度的增加而增加。 研究所得结论可为生态系统服务的空间流动研究及统筹区域生态环境发展提供重要支持。 |
| 英文摘要 | It has very important significance to study the spatial flow of ecosystem services, contribute to more fully reveal the dynamic evolution of ecological processes, more effectively assess the socio-economic value of ecosystem services, more comprehensively sound scientific theoretical system of ecosystems. In this study, Kai Jiang basin has the unique characteristics of natural environment, important economic and strategic location, the key ecological barrier function. Based on field survey in the study area, the multi-source data, including sample data, literature data and remote sensing data, were used in the paper to carry out a systematic and quantitative analysis of the spatial flow of soil conservation service area on the spatiotemporal scales. And then, benefit area was defined and the functional value of soil conservation service was comprehensively assessed. Certain recommendations were made to solve the ecological problems from a new perspective. (1) Soil conservation service. The soil conservation service was qualified by using RUSLE model. The main conclusions are as follows. 1)During the period of 2000 to 2010,the mean modulus and amount of soil erosion showed an increasing trend in Kai Jiang basin. The characteristics of soil erosion mainly for the overall erosion situation is relatively good in Kai Jiang basin, while erosion is more severe in some areas. 2)The soil conserved by the ecosystems was at 8.54×108 t?a-1 in 2010 and presented an increasing trend during the period of 2000 to 2010. 3)Soil conservation capacity of different land cover significantly improved in Kai Jiang basin during the period of 2000 to 2010. By comparison, it was observed that forest ecosystem conserves the most soil, followed by farmland, residential land, wetland, grassland, and desert ecosystem conserves the least. (2) Spatial flow of soil conservation service. The spatial flow of soil conservation service was simulated by using sediment transport models and SWAT. The main conclusions are as follows. 1)In 2010, the sediment transport capacity of land surface transfer process was 1.46×108 t?a-1 and the average daily volume of sediment was 3.99×105 t?a-1. 2)Soil Conservation Service in the river in the transport distance of 282.14 km, the farthest reach of transport was No. 25. 3) The sediment transport ratio was positively correlated with reach elevation difference. Gap larger river, the proportion of deposition is relatively high; gentle river, the deposition ratio is relatively low. (3)Defining the scope of spatial flowbenefits ofsoil conservation service. The scope of soil conservation service benefit area was defined by the establishment of the scope of the model. The main conclusions are as follows. 1)Correction benefit ratio of river area associated with the proportion of deposition, the proportion of river length, and the trends of the river elevation difference. 2)The modified benefit area decreased significantly, reduced from 1480.30 km2 to 430.81 km2. 3)A comparison of area ratio for the modified benefit areaindicated that there is a decreasing trend from No. 23 reach, No. 11 reach, No. 13 reach, No. 15 reach,No. 9 reach,No. 24 reach, to No. 25 reach. This indicated that the benefit area of the middle reaches was the greatest, followed by upstream, the benefit area of the downstream was the leastin the the process of spatial flow from Kai Jiang basin to the downstream areas. (4)The comprehensive evaluation of benefits of soil conservation service. The benefits of soil conservation service in Kai Jiang basin was evaluated comprehensively. The main conclusions are as follows.1)The total value of soil conservation service was about 918 million yuan. And, the value of soil conservation service in Kai Jiang basin was about 885 million yuan, while the value of soil conservation service in each reach benefit area outside Kai Jiang basin was about 32.6353 million yuan. 2) The benefit of each reach benefit area showed an decline from |
| 中文关键词 | 生态系统服务的空间流动 ; 凯江流域 ; 土壤保持 ; 受益区 |
| 英文关键词 | Spatial flow of ecosystem services Kai Jiang basin Soil conservation Benefit area |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 生态学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287490 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 王硕. 凯江流域土壤保持服务及其空间流动研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2015. |
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