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| 主体功能区遥感监测技术与应用方法研究 | |
| 其他题名 | Monitoring The Major Function Oriented Zones in China Based on Remote Sensing Technology |
| 朱金峰 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 博士 |
| 导师 | 周艺 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 主体功能区是我国新时期针对国土空间有序合理开发提出的区域协调发展新理念。“建立覆盖全国、统一协调、更新及时、反应迅速、功能完善的国土空间动态监测管理系统，对主体功能区规划实施情况进行全面监测、分析和评估”，已成为主体功能区战略实施的重要环节。特别是在主体功能区实施推进的关键时期，更加需要以遥感和地理信息为主的空间信息技术，解决规划实施中遇到的关键技术问题，从而为政府和决策部门提供科学有效的空间信息支撑。 论文以主体功能区遥感动态监测为核心，以主体功能区遥感信息特征为基础，以《全国主体功能区规划》为主要参照，在分析总结国内外主体功能区遥感监测涉及的监测指标、指标算法、监测应用等基础上，研究建立了不同类型主体功能区具有功能目标导向性的遥感监测指标体系；从遥感数据处理、监测指标计算与反演、主体功能区监测与分析方面论述了主体功能区遥感监测技术方法。在此基础上，收集多源遥感数据、台站观测数据、统计调查数据等，分别以京津冀地区为优化开发区研究区，以中原经济区为重点开发区研究区，以三江源草原草甸湿地生态功能区为限制开发区重点生态功能区研究区，以太湖风景名胜区为禁止开发区研究区，对主体功能区进行了遥感动态监测与分析，并对各区域监测结果进行了综合比较分析。论文主要研究结论如下所述。 （1）基于四类主体功能区功能定位、发展方向和规划目标等原则和依据，建立了不同类型主体功能区具有功能目标导向性的遥感监测指标体系。其中，优化开发区包括城市化水平和城市生态环境水平；重点开发区包括城市化水平、城市空间发展潜力和城市生态环境水平；限制开发区农产品主产区包括农产品资源和农业生产环境水平；限制开发区重点生态功能区包括生态系统功能、水土流失、荒漠化和生物多样性；禁止开发区包括自然景观、自然资源保护水平。 （2）以京津冀地区为例对优化开发区进行了遥感动态监测与分析。研究结果显示，近20年来京津冀地区城市化进程快速推进，同时城市化对区域生态环境产生了深远影响。城市化使城市周边地区耕地面积减小、植被退化、生态环境水平降低，区域发展的资源环境承载能力进一步减小。推进京津冀地区优化发展，应重点协调经济社会与生态环境平衡发展，切实保护基本农田、维护和提高区域植被覆盖、改善区域大气环境与水环境等生态环境格局。 （3）以中原经济区为例对重点开发区进行了遥感动态监测与分析。研究结果显示，中原经济区城市化水平相对较低，具有充足的空间发展潜力，同时区域生态环境水平有所好转。推进中原经济区重点发展，应在加快区域新型城镇化进程基础上，重点协调城镇化与农业现代化平衡发展。一方面，加快城市化进程，努力提高城市化水平；另一方面，切实保护基本农田，维护区域生态环境格局，改善农村生活环境，促进区域城镇化与农业现代化平衡协调有序发展。 （4）以三江源草原草甸湿地生态功能区为例对限制开发重点生态功能区进行了遥感动态监测与分析。研究结果显示，生态系统服务功能指数（ESFI）能够较好地表征区域以水源涵养为核心的主体功能。2005-2010年区域生态系统服务功能总体呈现好转趋势，表明了区域实施生态保护和建设工程已得到初步成效。加强三江源重点生态功能区保护，应继续推进生态保护和建设工程；同时应科学应对全球气候变化对区域生态环境的影响。 （5）以太湖风景名胜区为例对禁止开发区进行了遥感动态监测与分析。研究结果显示，太湖风景名胜区自然生态环境水平降低，区域梅梁湖蠡湖景区保护水平近5年来呈现快速降低趋势。在景区游客数量、旅游消费逐年增加驱动下，景区内旅游设施建设用地面积呈快速增加趋势，是导致景区自然景观保护水平降低的主要原因。推进太湖风景名胜区主体功能区建设，应进一步严格控制人工景观建设，促进保护太湖风景名胜区自然文化景观完整性与原真性。 （6）对比分析了四类主体功能区遥感监测结果的区域特征、地域差异以及尺度效应。四类主体功能区各区域具有目标导向性的监测指标结果体现了区域主体功能特性。监测指标尺度变化引起像元内部和区域空间异质成分比例变化，从而导致了在不同尺度下的差异性；但这种差异性具体表现在景区自然景观保护水平指标上则相对较小。四类主体功能区遥感监测结果在一定程度上反映了主体功能区规划实施状况。 |
| 英文摘要 | Project of The Major Function Oriented Zones was planned to scientifically layout the land development in China. This project devised the country land into four type zones, the Optimizing Development Zones, the Key Development Zones, the Restricted Development Zones, and the Prohibited Development Zones. For better implementing this project, remote sensing technology was used to dynamically monitor and to solve key technical problems encountered in the implementation of this plan. This study focused on the dynamic monitoring of The Major Function Oriented Zones based on remote sensing technology. Firstly, indicator system for monitoring four types of The Major Function Oriented Zones was built. Then, methods and techniques were analyzed which mainly included imagery processing, indicator calculating, dynamic monitoring and analysis. On this basis, four types of The Major Function Oriented Zones, specifically which were the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Zone, the Zhongyuan Economic (ZE) Zone, the Three-River Headwaters (TRH) Zone and Taihu Lake Scenic (TLS) Zone, were dynamically monitored and analyzed using remote sensed data and other data. Finally, the results of all four regions were comprehensively compared. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) Based on the development direction and planning objectives, the function oriented indicator system for monitoring the four types of The Major Function Oriented Zones was established. Indicators of the Optimizing Development Zones included the level of urbanization and urban ecological environment. Indicators of the Key Development Zones included the level of urbanization, urban ecological environment, and potential of urban development. Indicators of the Restricted Development Zones included the agricultural products, ecological function, soil erosion, desertification and biodiversity. Indicators of the Prohibited Development Zones included the protection level of natural scenery and resources. (2) Urbanization rapidly developed in the BTH Zone in the last nearly 20 years. At the same time, urbanization has produced profound influence on the regional ecological environment, such as cropland decreasing, vegetation degradation, that carrying capacity of regional resources and environment was reducing. For promoting to optimize the BTH Zone, development of economy and protection of ecological environment should be balanced. (3) Urbanization level was relatively lower in ZE Zone. However, there was plenty of potential for space development and ecological environment level improved in this region. For promoting to develop the ZE Zone, development of urbanization and agricultural modernization should be balanced. (4) The Ecosystem Service Function Index (ESFI) could well represent the major function with water conservation as the core in the TRH Zone. The ecosystem service function overall showed a trend of improvement from 2005 to 2010 in this region, which showed that the project of ecological protection and construction had received preliminary results. (5) The level of ecological environment decreased in the TLS Zone. The protection level of natural scenery showed a trend of rapidly reduce from 2005 to 2010 in the scenic of Meilianghu Lake and Lihu Lake, which were two main scenic spots in the TLS Zone. Rapid increase of the construction land area, which was promoted by increase of the scenic tourists and tourism consumption, was the main reason for leading to decrease protection level of natural scenery. (6) Monitoring results reflected the special features of major function in four types of The Major Function Oriented Zones. Scale change of monitoring index induced the different composition of land cover type in pixel and space heterogeneous in region, which resulting the difference of the index value. However, this scale difference of the indicator of natural landscape protection level was very small in the scenic of Meilianghu Lake and Lihu Lake. The monitoring r |
| 中文关键词 | 主体功能区 ; 指标体系 ; 遥感 ; 动态监测 ; 城市化水平 ; 生态系统服务功能 ; 景区保护水平 |
| 英文关键词 | The Major Function Oriented Zones Indicator system Remote sensing Dynamic monitoring Urbanization Ecosystem Service Function Index Protection level of natural landscapes |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 地图学与地理信息系统 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287452 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 朱金峰. 主体功能区遥感监测技术与应用方法研究[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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