Knowledge Resource Center for Ecological Environment in Arid Area
塔里木河流域水资源协调机制与综合管理 | |
其他题名 | Coordination mechanism and integrated water resources management in Tarim River basin |
周海鹰 | |
出版年 | 2014 |
学位类型 | 博士 |
导师 | 金昌杰 |
学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
中文摘要 | 在当前气候条件、人类活动等综合影响下,塔里木河流域水资源短缺问题越来越突出,水资源危机越来越严重,水资源冲突越来越加剧,直接影响到流域生态环境保护和经济社会可持续发展。本研究从气候变化和人类活动这两大影响因素出发,定量分析了人类活动对干旱区典型内陆河流域径流变化的影响程度,探讨了干旱区典型内陆河流域水资源和生态问题及其成因。在水资源协调策略途径的基础上,通过水资源供需平衡分析计算,模拟了不同情景状况下水资源配置方案,研究了近、远期塔里木河主要源流水资源配置策略;重点阐述了流域水资源管理的结构与模式,指明了塔里木河流域水资源管理的关键问题,提出了塔里木河流域水资源综合管理对策。 通过研究得出以下主要结论:(1)自1990s后,气候波动是塔里木河源流来水增加的主要原因,但是日益增强的人为干扰则造成塔里木河干流来水减少;(2)通过虚拟水计算表明:塔里木河流域2005~2011年生产虚拟水和虚拟水流出量均呈逐年增长趋势,由此加重了该区域水资源紧缺的矛盾,因此,必须压缩农业生产规模和优化用水结构;(3)水资源产权不清大量挤占生态用水、利益集团多重博弈形成“公地悲剧”、“经济人”趋利行为侵害公共物品、功利性开发方式致使水土资源开发失衡是造成塔里木河流域生态问题日益突出的主要原因,而实施水资源协调机制将是解决这些矛盾的有效途径;(4)通过建立水资源协调概念模型,研究了水资源协调方法和机制,结合干旱区内陆河流域水资源利用特点,探讨了塔里木河水资源协调利用的路径选择;(5)以水权理论为基础,分析了塔里木河流域主要源流初始水权分配,提出了建立流域层面水市场交易制度;结合水资源协调的方法,提出构建“博斯腾湖生态经济圈”的战略;(6)塔里木河流域水资源管理上存在着协调运行机制不畅、综合管理缺位等问题,通过分析水资源综合管理模式,研究提出了“大流域水资源综合管理”理念,即多部门参与、协调有序的塔里木河流域水资源综合管理机构,综合管理具体包括制定流域综合规划、实施水量统一调度、建立生态用水补偿机制、建立综合管理信息服务系统和监督机制等内容。 |
英文摘要 | Under the combined effects of current Climatic conditions and human activities etc, shortage of water resources in Tarim River basin are increasingly prominent, water resources crisis is getting worse, Contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is growing, Impact on ecological environment protection and sustainable development of economic society in the Tarim River basin. This research began based on the two factors of Climate change and human activity, Quantitative analysis impact degrees of Changes in human activities on runoff in typical continental River basin in arid by human activities, Discusses the water resource and ecological problems and their causes in the typical continental River basin in arid area. Based on the policy approaches of Water resource coordination, Through Analysis and calculation of water resources supply-demand balance, Simulation the different scenarios of program on water resources allocation, research on short and long-term main rivers water resource allocation policy in Tarim River; Focuses on the structure and model of Water resources management, identifies the key issues of water resources management in Tarim River basin, Proposed integrated water resource management countermeasure in The Tarim River basin. The main conclusions: (1) since the 1990s, Climatic fluctuations are major causes of increase in source water of Tarim River, But the mainstream of Tarim River runoff reduction is caused by increasingly reduces the amount of human disturbance runoff in Tarim River;(2)the finding through the calculation of virtual water: 2005-2011 production virtual water and the output virtual was yearly growing in the Tarim River , Contradiction which has aggravated the shortage of water resources in the region, Therefore, it must compressed scale and optimization of water utilization structure of agricultural production;(3) A lot of ecological water used because of the water resource property right is not clear, and the interest group game form \ |
中文关键词 | 塔里木河流域 ; 水资源协调 ; 水资源综合管理 ; 机制 |
英文关键词 | The Tarim River basin Water resource coordination integrated water resources management |
语种 | 中文 |
国家 | 中国 |
来源学科分类 | 人文地理学 |
来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
资源类型 | 学位论文 |
条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287449 |
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 周海鹰. 塔里木河流域水资源协调机制与综合管理[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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