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| 骆驼刺克隆分株的激素含量与组织结构的差异性分析 | |
| 其他题名 | Variance analysis between plant hormones and the structure of the organization of a root-derived clonal plant Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. |
| 郭京衡 | |
| 出版年 | 2014 |
| 学位类型 | 硕士 |
| 导师 | 曾凡江 |
| 学位授予单位 | 中国科学院大学 |
| 中文摘要 | 克隆植物存在于几乎所有的生态系统中，影响着植物群落的物种组成、生物多样性以及群落的分布格局与演替动态。根据克隆类型的不同可将克隆植物分为根茎（rhizomatous）型、匍匐茎型（stoloniferous）和根源型克隆植物（root-derived clonal plant）等。目前国内外对于克隆植物的研究大多集中在克隆植物的表型可塑性、生理整合、克隆内分工及有性无性繁殖策略权衡等方面，对于克隆植物分株发育过程的研究不足，对于克隆植物分株发育机制的研究更是少见。 骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia Shap.）是生长于荒漠、半荒漠区的多年生草本植物，是一种典型的根源型克隆植物。在未灌溉的土地上，骆驼刺通常不能进行有性繁殖，克隆繁殖是其种群维持和延续的唯一方式。因此，研究骆驼刺克隆分株组织发育的过程及植物激素在分株不同时期对分株发育的调控状况，对于揭示骆驼刺克隆分株产生的过程具有十分重要的理论意义。 本研究以策勒国家野外观测研究站荒漠综合试验场为研究基地，以多年生克隆植物骆驼刺为研究对象，在自然条件下，通过野外不同分株发育时期的样品组织解剖和植物激素含量测定的试验方法，研究了骆驼刺不同分株时期的组织结构变化及植物激素含量的差异。研究结果将对阐明骆驼刺克隆分株的发育过程有着重要的意义，为本地区开展土地荒漠化治理及植被修复提供理论指导。主要结论如下： （1）植物激素含量： 不同克隆分株时期植物激素的含量存在显著差异，分株前后的生长素与细胞分裂素含量都处于较高水平，且生长素与细胞分裂素呈显著负相关关系；分株时生长素与细胞分裂素含量都降低，且生长素与细胞分裂素呈极显著的正相关关系。 新生分株不同部位植物激素的含量明显不同，生长素的含量呈现由芽尖到分株基部逐渐增加的趋势，细胞分裂素含量表现为分株的芽尖最高，中部最低。在分株的芽尖、中部和基部，生长素和细胞分裂素都呈现显著的正相关关系。 （2）组织发育： 不同分株时期的组织细胞发育特征：骆驼刺新生分株起源于水平根中柱鞘细胞。分株芽原基形成后，通过一系列的细胞分裂，逐步突破皮层和表皮，形成新生分株芽。新生分株芽经过进一步的生长发育和组织分化，产生幼叶、侧芽等组织，突破地表，形成新生分株。 新生分株不同部位的组织细胞发育特征表现为分株芽尖的细胞排列紧密，分裂活动旺盛，没有发生次生生长。其表皮较薄，皮层发达，皮层厚度占整个维管的40%。而分株中部已经开始次生生长，表皮加厚，具有了较强输导能力的次生导管和次生筛管。皮层厚度仅占整个维管的20%。新生分株基部的组织细胞进一步次生化生长，没有了初生导管与筛管，其维管束形状与中部差异较大，由原始的椭圆状分化为菱形装维管束，维管束完全相连形成一个环状结构，形成了韧皮部在外，木质部在内的次生维管结构，机械支撑能力和水养输导能力变强。 |
| 英文摘要 | Clonal plant exist in almost all ecosystems, and the existence of clonal plant have heavy influence on the species community composition and the species diversity and structure and trends of community. According to the clonal form, clonal plants can be divided into rhizomatous clonal plants, stoloniferous clonal plants, root-derived clonal plants and other forms. But currently, the studies of clonal plants both home and abroad are mainly aim at the phenotypic plasticity, physiology and integration of ramets in clonal plants, cloning in division of labor and trade of sexual or asexual reproduction strategyes. For research development process in clonal plants is very insufficient and the plant development mechanism study of clonal plants is poorly undisfounded. Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. is a perennial herbaceous plant in arid and semi-arid region. It is also a clonal plant. But it is usually can not do sexual reproduction in un-irrigative land, so clonal propagation is the only way for its population maintenance and perpetuation. So our research is devoted to the variance analysis between plant hormones and the structure of the organization of a root-derived clonal plant Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. has very important theoretical significance for revealing the process of the clonal plant Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. The desert experimental plots in the Cele National Research Station of desert-grassland ecosystem would provided the essential basic conditions for this project. In this study the perennial Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. was taken as experimental material. We used the methods of paraffin section and UPLC-MS to research the variance analysis between plant hormones and structure of organization of a root-derived clonal plant Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., including tissue section and auxin and cytokinin content about different parts of the new ramets and different cloning time of the plant. This result is important for vegetation restoration and desertification control of this area. Mainly conclusions are as followsing: 1. Plant hormone levels In the side of the plant hormone levels of cloning points strains at different time showed that before and after the ramets came into being the content of auxin and cytokinin were at a higher level, and there was a negative correlation between auxin and cytokinin; When the ramets was producing, the content of auxin and cytokinin became lower obviously, and there was a positive correlation between auxin and cytokinin. In other sides, the plant hormone levels of new ramets at different parts showed that the auxin content showed gradual increasing trend presented by shoot to the base, while cytokinin content showed the highest points of shoot tipsand in the middle part of the lowest. There was a positive correlation between auxin and cytokinin in the shoot, central section and base part of new ramets. 2. Tissue development progress In the side of the cell and tissue development progress of cloning points strains at different time showed that new ramets of Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. originated in the pericycle cells of horizontal roots. In the other side of the plant hormone levels of new ramets at different parts showed that the shoot of the new ramets had a high level of the auxin and cytokinin content, its cells packed closely, separatist activities,and had no secondary growth. The cuticle was thinner, cortex developed and accounted for 40% of the entire vascular cortex. The middle part of new ramets started secondry growth, its cuticle was thicker and had the secondary ducts and sieve tube with strong ability of conducting, cortex reduced and only accounted for 20% of the entire vascular cortex. Because of the secondry growth, the base of new ramets had no primary ducts and sieve tube, and its central vascular bundle was different from the middle part of new ramets, the original elliptical polarization vascular bundle became to be rhombus. The vascular bundle were linked together to form a ring struct |
| 中文关键词 | 骆驼刺 ; 克隆植物 ; 组织解剖 ; 生长素 ; 细胞分裂素 ; 分株发育过程 |
| 英文关键词 | Alhagi sparsifolia Shap. clonal plant tissue anatomy auxin cytokinin cloning development progress |
| 语种 | 中文 |
| 国家 | 中国 |
| 来源学科分类 | 植物学 |
| 来源机构 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 |
| 资源类型 | 学位论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/287442 |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | 郭京衡. 骆驼刺克隆分株的激素含量与组织结构的差异性分析[D]. 中国科学院大学,2014. |
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